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Development and Validation of a Culture-Sensitive Generic Health Literacy Scale in Turkish-Speaking Adults

BACKGROUND: Improving health literacy has become one of the most important public health-related goals at the global level; however, there is no clear consensus on measurement of health literacy. Despite numerous health literacy scales available in Turkish, none of the existing scales was originally...

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Autores principales: Özvarış, Şevkat Bahar, Doğan, Bahar Güçiz, Ünlü, Hande Konşuk, Karadag, Ozge, Doğan, Nuri, Gelbal, Selahattin, Sakarya, Sibel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SLACK Incorporated 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8758185/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35025613
http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/24748307-20211208-01
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author Özvarış, Şevkat Bahar
Doğan, Bahar Güçiz
Ünlü, Hande Konşuk
Karadag, Ozge
Doğan, Nuri
Gelbal, Selahattin
Sakarya, Sibel
author_facet Özvarış, Şevkat Bahar
Doğan, Bahar Güçiz
Ünlü, Hande Konşuk
Karadag, Ozge
Doğan, Nuri
Gelbal, Selahattin
Sakarya, Sibel
author_sort Özvarış, Şevkat Bahar
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Improving health literacy has become one of the most important public health-related goals at the global level; however, there is no clear consensus on measurement of health literacy. Despite numerous health literacy scales available in Turkish, none of the existing scales was originally developed and validated at a national level. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and validate a culturally appropriate original health literacy scale (HLS) to be used as a reference for the Turkish-speaking literate adult population in Turkey and abroad. METHODS: Two multidisciplinary workshops with more than 20 experts were conducted and a large item pool was developed. The first and second draft of the scale were pre-tested with 20 and 150 adults, respectively, from different age groups and socioeconomic levels in Ankara. The validity and reliability study of the revised scale (110 items plus 20 self-efficacy statements) was carried out with a household survey of 2,411 adults in 12 randomly selected provinces from 12 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics Regions in Turkey. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. The fit indices were obtained. The item analysis was applied, and Cronbach's alpha statistics were obtained. KEY RESULTS: The scale was found to be both a valid and a reliable measurement tool to assess health literacy. Cronbach's alpha for two sub-dimensions (“disease prevention and health promotion” and “treatment and access to health services”) were 0.79 and 0.91, respectively. Construction validity indices were Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.043, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.96, Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.95, and Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.95. The scale includes “self-efficacy” as an additional dimension (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83, RMSEA = 0.68, GFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.94, and AGFI) = 0.91). CONCLUSION: HLS is a valid and reliable measurement tool to assess health literacy of Turkish-speaking literate adults with a mixed (objective and subjective) assessment approach. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2022;6(1):e2–e11.] PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: This study aimed to develop and validate a culturally sensitive original health literacy scale to be used as a reference scale for the Turkish-speaking literate adult population in Turkey and abroad. Study findings showed that HLS is both a valid and a reliable measurement tool to assess health literacy of Turkish-speaking literate adults.
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spelling pubmed-87581852022-02-08 Development and Validation of a Culture-Sensitive Generic Health Literacy Scale in Turkish-Speaking Adults Özvarış, Şevkat Bahar Doğan, Bahar Güçiz Ünlü, Hande Konşuk Karadag, Ozge Doğan, Nuri Gelbal, Selahattin Sakarya, Sibel Health Lit Res Pract Original Research BACKGROUND: Improving health literacy has become one of the most important public health-related goals at the global level; however, there is no clear consensus on measurement of health literacy. Despite numerous health literacy scales available in Turkish, none of the existing scales was originally developed and validated at a national level. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and validate a culturally appropriate original health literacy scale (HLS) to be used as a reference for the Turkish-speaking literate adult population in Turkey and abroad. METHODS: Two multidisciplinary workshops with more than 20 experts were conducted and a large item pool was developed. The first and second draft of the scale were pre-tested with 20 and 150 adults, respectively, from different age groups and socioeconomic levels in Ankara. The validity and reliability study of the revised scale (110 items plus 20 self-efficacy statements) was carried out with a household survey of 2,411 adults in 12 randomly selected provinces from 12 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics Regions in Turkey. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. The fit indices were obtained. The item analysis was applied, and Cronbach's alpha statistics were obtained. KEY RESULTS: The scale was found to be both a valid and a reliable measurement tool to assess health literacy. Cronbach's alpha for two sub-dimensions (“disease prevention and health promotion” and “treatment and access to health services”) were 0.79 and 0.91, respectively. Construction validity indices were Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.043, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.96, Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.95, and Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.95. The scale includes “self-efficacy” as an additional dimension (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83, RMSEA = 0.68, GFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.94, and AGFI) = 0.91). CONCLUSION: HLS is a valid and reliable measurement tool to assess health literacy of Turkish-speaking literate adults with a mixed (objective and subjective) assessment approach. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2022;6(1):e2–e11.] PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: This study aimed to develop and validate a culturally sensitive original health literacy scale to be used as a reference scale for the Turkish-speaking literate adult population in Turkey and abroad. Study findings showed that HLS is both a valid and a reliable measurement tool to assess health literacy of Turkish-speaking literate adults. SLACK Incorporated 2022-01 2022-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8758185/ /pubmed/35025613 http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/24748307-20211208-01 Text en © 2022 Özvarış, Doğan, Ünlü et al.; licensee SLACK Incorporated. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). This license allows users to copy and distribute, to remix, transform, and build upon the article, for any purpose, even commercially, provided the author is attributed and is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work.
spellingShingle Original Research
Özvarış, Şevkat Bahar
Doğan, Bahar Güçiz
Ünlü, Hande Konşuk
Karadag, Ozge
Doğan, Nuri
Gelbal, Selahattin
Sakarya, Sibel
Development and Validation of a Culture-Sensitive Generic Health Literacy Scale in Turkish-Speaking Adults
title Development and Validation of a Culture-Sensitive Generic Health Literacy Scale in Turkish-Speaking Adults
title_full Development and Validation of a Culture-Sensitive Generic Health Literacy Scale in Turkish-Speaking Adults
title_fullStr Development and Validation of a Culture-Sensitive Generic Health Literacy Scale in Turkish-Speaking Adults
title_full_unstemmed Development and Validation of a Culture-Sensitive Generic Health Literacy Scale in Turkish-Speaking Adults
title_short Development and Validation of a Culture-Sensitive Generic Health Literacy Scale in Turkish-Speaking Adults
title_sort development and validation of a culture-sensitive generic health literacy scale in turkish-speaking adults
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8758185/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35025613
http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/24748307-20211208-01
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