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Mini review ATF4 and GRP78 as novel molecular targets in ER-Stress modulation for critical COVID-19 patients
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has resulted in more than 4.4 million deaths worldwide as of August 24, 2021. Viral infections such as SARS-CoV2 are associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and also increased...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Netherlands
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8758217/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35028855 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-07071-9 |
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author | Shahriari-Felordi, Mahtab Alikhani, Hani Keshavarz Hashemian, Seyed-Mohammad Reza Hassan, Moustapha Vosough, Massoud |
author_facet | Shahriari-Felordi, Mahtab Alikhani, Hani Keshavarz Hashemian, Seyed-Mohammad Reza Hassan, Moustapha Vosough, Massoud |
author_sort | Shahriari-Felordi, Mahtab |
collection | PubMed |
description | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has resulted in more than 4.4 million deaths worldwide as of August 24, 2021. Viral infections such as SARS-CoV2 are associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and also increased the level of reactive oxygen species. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is preferentially translated under integrated stress conditions and controls the genes involved in protein homeostasis, amino acid transport and metabolism, and also protection from oxidative stress. The GRP78, regulated either directly or indirectly by ATF4, is an essential chaperone in the ER and overexpressed and appears on the surface of almost all cells during stress and function as a SARS-CoV2 receptor. In this mini-review article, we briefly discuss the effects of SARS-CoV2 infection on the ER stress, and then the stress modulator functions of ATF4 and GRP78 as novel therapeutic targets were highlighted. Finally, the effects of GRP78 inhibitory components as potential factors for targeted therapies for COVID-19 critical cases were discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8758217 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer Netherlands |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87582172022-01-14 Mini review ATF4 and GRP78 as novel molecular targets in ER-Stress modulation for critical COVID-19 patients Shahriari-Felordi, Mahtab Alikhani, Hani Keshavarz Hashemian, Seyed-Mohammad Reza Hassan, Moustapha Vosough, Massoud Mol Biol Rep Mini Review Article Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has resulted in more than 4.4 million deaths worldwide as of August 24, 2021. Viral infections such as SARS-CoV2 are associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and also increased the level of reactive oxygen species. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is preferentially translated under integrated stress conditions and controls the genes involved in protein homeostasis, amino acid transport and metabolism, and also protection from oxidative stress. The GRP78, regulated either directly or indirectly by ATF4, is an essential chaperone in the ER and overexpressed and appears on the surface of almost all cells during stress and function as a SARS-CoV2 receptor. In this mini-review article, we briefly discuss the effects of SARS-CoV2 infection on the ER stress, and then the stress modulator functions of ATF4 and GRP78 as novel therapeutic targets were highlighted. Finally, the effects of GRP78 inhibitory components as potential factors for targeted therapies for COVID-19 critical cases were discussed. Springer Netherlands 2022-01-14 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8758217/ /pubmed/35028855 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-07071-9 Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Mini Review Article Shahriari-Felordi, Mahtab Alikhani, Hani Keshavarz Hashemian, Seyed-Mohammad Reza Hassan, Moustapha Vosough, Massoud Mini review ATF4 and GRP78 as novel molecular targets in ER-Stress modulation for critical COVID-19 patients |
title | Mini review ATF4 and GRP78 as novel molecular targets in ER-Stress modulation for critical COVID-19 patients |
title_full | Mini review ATF4 and GRP78 as novel molecular targets in ER-Stress modulation for critical COVID-19 patients |
title_fullStr | Mini review ATF4 and GRP78 as novel molecular targets in ER-Stress modulation for critical COVID-19 patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Mini review ATF4 and GRP78 as novel molecular targets in ER-Stress modulation for critical COVID-19 patients |
title_short | Mini review ATF4 and GRP78 as novel molecular targets in ER-Stress modulation for critical COVID-19 patients |
title_sort | mini review atf4 and grp78 as novel molecular targets in er-stress modulation for critical covid-19 patients |
topic | Mini Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8758217/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35028855 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-07071-9 |
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