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Oral streptococci subvert the host innate immune response through hydrogen peroxide
In periodontal health, oral streptococci constitute up to 80% of the plaque biofilm. Yet, destructive inflammatory events of the periodontium are rare. This observation suggests that oral streptococci may possess mechanisms to co-exist with the host. However, the mechanisms employed by oral streptoc...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8758666/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35027607 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04562-4 |
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author | Tang, Yi Ling Sim, Tiow Suan Tan, Kai Soo |
author_facet | Tang, Yi Ling Sim, Tiow Suan Tan, Kai Soo |
author_sort | Tang, Yi Ling |
collection | PubMed |
description | In periodontal health, oral streptococci constitute up to 80% of the plaque biofilm. Yet, destructive inflammatory events of the periodontium are rare. This observation suggests that oral streptococci may possess mechanisms to co-exist with the host. However, the mechanisms employed by oral streptococci to modulate the innate immune response have not been well studied. One of the key virulence factors produced by oral streptococci is hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). In mammalian cells, H(2)O(2) triggers the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key pathway mediating antioxidant defence. This study aimed to determine (1) if H(2)O(2) producing oral streptococci activated the Nrf2 pathway in macrophages, and (2) if the activation of Nrf2 influenced the innate immune response. We found that oral streptococci downregulated the innate immune response in a H(2)O(2) dependent manner through the activation of the Nrf2. The activation of the Nrf2 signalling pathway led to the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFĸB), the key transcription factor regulating pro-inflammatory response. This study showed for the first time that oral streptococci are unlikely passive bystanders but could play an active role in the maintenance of periodontal health by preventing overt inflammation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8758666 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87586662022-01-14 Oral streptococci subvert the host innate immune response through hydrogen peroxide Tang, Yi Ling Sim, Tiow Suan Tan, Kai Soo Sci Rep Article In periodontal health, oral streptococci constitute up to 80% of the plaque biofilm. Yet, destructive inflammatory events of the periodontium are rare. This observation suggests that oral streptococci may possess mechanisms to co-exist with the host. However, the mechanisms employed by oral streptococci to modulate the innate immune response have not been well studied. One of the key virulence factors produced by oral streptococci is hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). In mammalian cells, H(2)O(2) triggers the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key pathway mediating antioxidant defence. This study aimed to determine (1) if H(2)O(2) producing oral streptococci activated the Nrf2 pathway in macrophages, and (2) if the activation of Nrf2 influenced the innate immune response. We found that oral streptococci downregulated the innate immune response in a H(2)O(2) dependent manner through the activation of the Nrf2. The activation of the Nrf2 signalling pathway led to the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFĸB), the key transcription factor regulating pro-inflammatory response. This study showed for the first time that oral streptococci are unlikely passive bystanders but could play an active role in the maintenance of periodontal health by preventing overt inflammation. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8758666/ /pubmed/35027607 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04562-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Tang, Yi Ling Sim, Tiow Suan Tan, Kai Soo Oral streptococci subvert the host innate immune response through hydrogen peroxide |
title | Oral streptococci subvert the host innate immune response through hydrogen peroxide |
title_full | Oral streptococci subvert the host innate immune response through hydrogen peroxide |
title_fullStr | Oral streptococci subvert the host innate immune response through hydrogen peroxide |
title_full_unstemmed | Oral streptococci subvert the host innate immune response through hydrogen peroxide |
title_short | Oral streptococci subvert the host innate immune response through hydrogen peroxide |
title_sort | oral streptococci subvert the host innate immune response through hydrogen peroxide |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8758666/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35027607 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04562-4 |
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