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SARS-CoV-2 infection: use and effectiveness of antigenic swab for the health surveillance of healthcare workers

BACKGROUND: The gold standard to identify SARS-CoV-2 infections is the Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) on rhino-pharyngeal swabs, but faster and cheaper methods such as antigenic swabs have been developed. A retrospective observational study on antigenic swabs included in th...

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Autores principales: Coggiola, Maurizio, Cavallo, Rossana, Grillo, Eugenio, Frammartino, Roberto, Clemente, Giuseppe, Costa, Cristina, Raciti, Ida Marina, Silvestre, Carlo, Scozzari, Gitana, Paradisi, Ettore, Tuffanelli, Alessandro, Alfonso Pensamiento, Maria Carolina, Godono, Alessandro, Pira, Enrico
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Mattioli 1885 srl 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8759044/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34939621
http://dx.doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v112i6.12125
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author Coggiola, Maurizio
Cavallo, Rossana
Grillo, Eugenio
Frammartino, Roberto
Clemente, Giuseppe
Costa, Cristina
Raciti, Ida Marina
Silvestre, Carlo
Scozzari, Gitana
Paradisi, Ettore
Tuffanelli, Alessandro
Alfonso Pensamiento, Maria Carolina
Godono, Alessandro
Pira, Enrico
author_facet Coggiola, Maurizio
Cavallo, Rossana
Grillo, Eugenio
Frammartino, Roberto
Clemente, Giuseppe
Costa, Cristina
Raciti, Ida Marina
Silvestre, Carlo
Scozzari, Gitana
Paradisi, Ettore
Tuffanelli, Alessandro
Alfonso Pensamiento, Maria Carolina
Godono, Alessandro
Pira, Enrico
author_sort Coggiola, Maurizio
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The gold standard to identify SARS-CoV-2 infections is the Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) on rhino-pharyngeal swabs, but faster and cheaper methods such as antigenic swabs have been developed. A retrospective observational study on antigenic swabs included in the extraordinary health surveillance protocol of a large Hospital in Turin was aimed to assess their performance validity. METHODS: From 30 October 2020 to 4 May 2021, 4000 antigenic swabs were carried out in three groups of healthcare workers (HCWs), respectively (i) asymptomatic, (ii) cohabiting with a positive case, and (iii) not recently exposed to the virus. RESULTS: Overall sensitivity and specificity associated with a prevalence of 1.30% were 26.9%, 97.2%, respectively, the corresponding positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) being 11.29% and 99.02% [95% IC (99.00 - 99.04)] respectively; a prevalence of 0.29% was observed in the asymptomatic group, among whom sensitivity and specificity were 25.0% and 98.9%, respectively, the corresponding PPV and NPV being 6.25% and 99.78% [95% IC (99.76 - 99.81)], respectively; the cohabitant group showed a prevalence of 21.11%, sensitivity and specificity were 47.4%, 81.7%, respectively, giving rise to a PPV of 40.91% and NPV of 85.29% [95% IC (85.18 – 85.41)] respectively. The prevalence in the not exposed group was 0.77%, sensitivity and specificity were 29.2%, 97.4%, respectively, and PPV and NPV 8.05% and 99.44% [95% IC (99.42 - 99.46)] respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Antigenic swabs reduced costs and provided reliable diagnostic results. In the cohabitant group, the higher-prevalence groups showed poor test performances, likely because of the high prevalence of pre-symptomatic illness in this group. Owing to the relatively low NPV, a negative result would still require confirmation with a molecular test to be acceptable for a surveillance program that effectively reduces the virus’s intra-hospital spread.
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spelling pubmed-87590442022-01-26 SARS-CoV-2 infection: use and effectiveness of antigenic swab for the health surveillance of healthcare workers Coggiola, Maurizio Cavallo, Rossana Grillo, Eugenio Frammartino, Roberto Clemente, Giuseppe Costa, Cristina Raciti, Ida Marina Silvestre, Carlo Scozzari, Gitana Paradisi, Ettore Tuffanelli, Alessandro Alfonso Pensamiento, Maria Carolina Godono, Alessandro Pira, Enrico Med Lav Original Article BACKGROUND: The gold standard to identify SARS-CoV-2 infections is the Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) on rhino-pharyngeal swabs, but faster and cheaper methods such as antigenic swabs have been developed. A retrospective observational study on antigenic swabs included in the extraordinary health surveillance protocol of a large Hospital in Turin was aimed to assess their performance validity. METHODS: From 30 October 2020 to 4 May 2021, 4000 antigenic swabs were carried out in three groups of healthcare workers (HCWs), respectively (i) asymptomatic, (ii) cohabiting with a positive case, and (iii) not recently exposed to the virus. RESULTS: Overall sensitivity and specificity associated with a prevalence of 1.30% were 26.9%, 97.2%, respectively, the corresponding positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) being 11.29% and 99.02% [95% IC (99.00 - 99.04)] respectively; a prevalence of 0.29% was observed in the asymptomatic group, among whom sensitivity and specificity were 25.0% and 98.9%, respectively, the corresponding PPV and NPV being 6.25% and 99.78% [95% IC (99.76 - 99.81)], respectively; the cohabitant group showed a prevalence of 21.11%, sensitivity and specificity were 47.4%, 81.7%, respectively, giving rise to a PPV of 40.91% and NPV of 85.29% [95% IC (85.18 – 85.41)] respectively. The prevalence in the not exposed group was 0.77%, sensitivity and specificity were 29.2%, 97.4%, respectively, and PPV and NPV 8.05% and 99.44% [95% IC (99.42 - 99.46)] respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Antigenic swabs reduced costs and provided reliable diagnostic results. In the cohabitant group, the higher-prevalence groups showed poor test performances, likely because of the high prevalence of pre-symptomatic illness in this group. Owing to the relatively low NPV, a negative result would still require confirmation with a molecular test to be acceptable for a surveillance program that effectively reduces the virus’s intra-hospital spread. Mattioli 1885 srl 2021 2021-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8759044/ /pubmed/34939621 http://dx.doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v112i6.12125 Text en Copyright: © 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
spellingShingle Original Article
Coggiola, Maurizio
Cavallo, Rossana
Grillo, Eugenio
Frammartino, Roberto
Clemente, Giuseppe
Costa, Cristina
Raciti, Ida Marina
Silvestre, Carlo
Scozzari, Gitana
Paradisi, Ettore
Tuffanelli, Alessandro
Alfonso Pensamiento, Maria Carolina
Godono, Alessandro
Pira, Enrico
SARS-CoV-2 infection: use and effectiveness of antigenic swab for the health surveillance of healthcare workers
title SARS-CoV-2 infection: use and effectiveness of antigenic swab for the health surveillance of healthcare workers
title_full SARS-CoV-2 infection: use and effectiveness of antigenic swab for the health surveillance of healthcare workers
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 infection: use and effectiveness of antigenic swab for the health surveillance of healthcare workers
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: use and effectiveness of antigenic swab for the health surveillance of healthcare workers
title_short SARS-CoV-2 infection: use and effectiveness of antigenic swab for the health surveillance of healthcare workers
title_sort sars-cov-2 infection: use and effectiveness of antigenic swab for the health surveillance of healthcare workers
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8759044/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34939621
http://dx.doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v112i6.12125
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