Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Exacerbation Associated With COVID-19 Infection and Markedly Elevated Inflammatory Markers

The association between previously diagnosed autoimmune hemolytic anemia and exacerbations due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is a rare phenomenon that is not well understood. In this case, we present a 68-year-old female with a past medical history significant for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), splenectomy, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) since childhood that had been very well controlled with only one previous exacerbation. This patient’s chief complaint and clinical symptoms at admission were related to hemolytic anemia and not active COVID-19 infection. This case report reveals a possible association between the hyperinflammatory syndrome caused by COVID-19 and the exacerbation of previously well-controlled autoimmune diseases.