Interdisziplinäre Chirurgie der zentralen Schädelbasis – aktueller Stand

BACKGROUND: The skull base is a surgically complex unit and is often only accessible via combined access routes. Newly developed surgical techniques using microsurgical visualization procedures and active instruments (“powered instruments”) as well as multiport accesses enable new, less traumatic surgical corridors. This requires close interdisciplinary cooperation between ENT and neurosurgeons. Currently established access routes to the central skull base are systematized based on the authors′ own clinical experience, and discussed in relation to the entity and the current study situation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, qualitative, and descriptive evaluation of the surgical reports of patients with pathologies of the central skull base who were jointly treated by neurosurgery and otorhinolaryngologic/head and neck surgery between 2006 and 2019 was performed. RESULTS: The surgical access routes to the central skull base can be categorized as so-called multiport access routes, partly also in combination, as follows: transnasal-transsphenoidal, subfrontal, subtemporal, transzygomatic, transpterygonal, transpetrous, translabyrinthine, and suboccipital. The choice of access route was based on the location and type of pathology, its inflammatory or space-occupying (benign or malignant tumor) nature, and the possibilities of functional preservation and complete removal. CONCLUSION: Due to the complexity of central skull base structures, the different tumor entities, and the required expertise of different medical specialties, surgery of the central skull base remains a challenge and should only be performed at special competence centers certified according to the criteria of the German Society of Skull Base Surgery.