Identification of a dihydropyridine scaffold that blocks ryanodine receptors

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are large, intracellular ion channels that control Ca(2+) release from the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum. Dysregulation of RyRs in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain has been implicated in various muscle pathologies, arrhythmia, heart failure, and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, there is considerable interest in therapeutically targeting RyRs to normalize Ca(2+) homeostasis in scenarios involving RyR dysfunction. Here, a simple invertebrate screening platform was used to discover new chemotypes targeting RyRs. The approach measured Ca(2+) signals evoked by cyclic adenosine 5′-diphosphate ribose, a second messenger that sensitizes RyRs. From a 1,534-compound screen, FLI-06 (currently described as a Notch “inhibitor”) was identified as a potent blocker of RyR activity. Two closely related tyrosine kinase inhibitors that stimulate and inhibit Ca(2+) release through RyRs were also resolved. Therefore, this simple screen yielded RyR scaffolds tractable for development and revealed an unexpected linkage between RyRs and trafficking events in the early secretory pathway.