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What Are We Measuring When We Evaluate Digital Interventions for Improving Lifestyle? A Scoping Meta-Review
Background: Lifestyle Medicine (LM) aims to address six main behavioral domains: diet/nutrition, substance use (SU), physical activity (PA), social relationships, stress management, and sleep. Digital Health Interventions (DHIs) have been used to improve these domains. However, there is no consensus...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8761632/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35047469 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.735624 |
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author | Castro, Rodolfo Ribeiro-Alves, Marcelo Oliveira, Cátia Romero, Carmen Phang Perazzo, Hugo Simjanoski, Mario Kapciznki, Flavio Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent De Boni, Raquel B. |
author_facet | Castro, Rodolfo Ribeiro-Alves, Marcelo Oliveira, Cátia Romero, Carmen Phang Perazzo, Hugo Simjanoski, Mario Kapciznki, Flavio Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent De Boni, Raquel B. |
author_sort | Castro, Rodolfo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Lifestyle Medicine (LM) aims to address six main behavioral domains: diet/nutrition, substance use (SU), physical activity (PA), social relationships, stress management, and sleep. Digital Health Interventions (DHIs) have been used to improve these domains. However, there is no consensus on how to measure lifestyle and its intermediate outcomes aside from measuring each behavior separately. We aimed to describe (1) the most frequent lifestyle domains addressed by DHIs, (2) the most frequent outcomes used to measure lifestyle changes, and (3) the most frequent DHI delivery methods. Methods: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-ScR) Extension for Scoping Reviews. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science for publications since 2010. We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials using DHI to promote health, behavioral, or lifestyle change. Results: Overall, 954 records were identified, and 72 systematic reviews were included. Of those, 35 conducted meta-analyses, 58 addressed diet/nutrition, and 60 focused on PA. Only one systematic review evaluated all six lifestyle domains simultaneously; 1 systematic review evaluated five lifestyle domains; 5 systematic reviews evaluated 4 lifestyle domains; 14 systematic reviews evaluated 3 lifestyle domains; and the remaining 52 systematic reviews evaluated only one or two domains. The most frequently evaluated domains were diet/nutrition and PA. The most frequent DHI delivery methods were smartphone apps and websites. Discussion: The concept of lifestyle is still unclear and fragmented, making it hard to evaluate the complex interconnections of unhealthy behaviors, and their impact on health. Clarifying this concept, refining its operationalization, and defining the reporting guidelines should be considered as the current research priorities. DHIs have the potential to improve lifestyle at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention—but most of them are targeting clinical populations. Although important advances have been made to evaluate DHIs, some of their characteristics, such as the rate at which they become obsolete, will require innovative research designs to evaluate long-term outcomes in health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8761632 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87616322022-01-18 What Are We Measuring When We Evaluate Digital Interventions for Improving Lifestyle? A Scoping Meta-Review Castro, Rodolfo Ribeiro-Alves, Marcelo Oliveira, Cátia Romero, Carmen Phang Perazzo, Hugo Simjanoski, Mario Kapciznki, Flavio Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent De Boni, Raquel B. Front Public Health Public Health Background: Lifestyle Medicine (LM) aims to address six main behavioral domains: diet/nutrition, substance use (SU), physical activity (PA), social relationships, stress management, and sleep. Digital Health Interventions (DHIs) have been used to improve these domains. However, there is no consensus on how to measure lifestyle and its intermediate outcomes aside from measuring each behavior separately. We aimed to describe (1) the most frequent lifestyle domains addressed by DHIs, (2) the most frequent outcomes used to measure lifestyle changes, and (3) the most frequent DHI delivery methods. Methods: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-ScR) Extension for Scoping Reviews. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science for publications since 2010. We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials using DHI to promote health, behavioral, or lifestyle change. Results: Overall, 954 records were identified, and 72 systematic reviews were included. Of those, 35 conducted meta-analyses, 58 addressed diet/nutrition, and 60 focused on PA. Only one systematic review evaluated all six lifestyle domains simultaneously; 1 systematic review evaluated five lifestyle domains; 5 systematic reviews evaluated 4 lifestyle domains; 14 systematic reviews evaluated 3 lifestyle domains; and the remaining 52 systematic reviews evaluated only one or two domains. The most frequently evaluated domains were diet/nutrition and PA. The most frequent DHI delivery methods were smartphone apps and websites. Discussion: The concept of lifestyle is still unclear and fragmented, making it hard to evaluate the complex interconnections of unhealthy behaviors, and their impact on health. Clarifying this concept, refining its operationalization, and defining the reporting guidelines should be considered as the current research priorities. DHIs have the potential to improve lifestyle at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention—but most of them are targeting clinical populations. Although important advances have been made to evaluate DHIs, some of their characteristics, such as the rate at which they become obsolete, will require innovative research designs to evaluate long-term outcomes in health. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8761632/ /pubmed/35047469 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.735624 Text en Copyright © 2022 Castro, Ribeiro-Alves, Oliveira, Romero, Perazzo, Simjanoski, Kapciznki, Balanzá-Martínez and De Boni. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Public Health Castro, Rodolfo Ribeiro-Alves, Marcelo Oliveira, Cátia Romero, Carmen Phang Perazzo, Hugo Simjanoski, Mario Kapciznki, Flavio Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent De Boni, Raquel B. What Are We Measuring When We Evaluate Digital Interventions for Improving Lifestyle? A Scoping Meta-Review |
title | What Are We Measuring When We Evaluate Digital Interventions for Improving Lifestyle? A Scoping Meta-Review |
title_full | What Are We Measuring When We Evaluate Digital Interventions for Improving Lifestyle? A Scoping Meta-Review |
title_fullStr | What Are We Measuring When We Evaluate Digital Interventions for Improving Lifestyle? A Scoping Meta-Review |
title_full_unstemmed | What Are We Measuring When We Evaluate Digital Interventions for Improving Lifestyle? A Scoping Meta-Review |
title_short | What Are We Measuring When We Evaluate Digital Interventions for Improving Lifestyle? A Scoping Meta-Review |
title_sort | what are we measuring when we evaluate digital interventions for improving lifestyle? a scoping meta-review |
topic | Public Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8761632/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35047469 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.735624 |
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