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Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Associated Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis: Case Reports and Review of Literature

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is present in both adults and children. The most common clinical manifestations are optic neuritis, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and brain...

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Autores principales: Shu, Hang, Ding, Manqiu, Shang, Pei, Song, Jia, Lang, Yue, Cui, Li
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8762331/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35046784
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.782490
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author Shu, Hang
Ding, Manqiu
Shang, Pei
Song, Jia
Lang, Yue
Cui, Li
author_facet Shu, Hang
Ding, Manqiu
Shang, Pei
Song, Jia
Lang, Yue
Cui, Li
author_sort Shu, Hang
collection PubMed
description Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is present in both adults and children. The most common clinical manifestations are optic neuritis, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and brainstem syndrome. Cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE) is a rare clinical phenotype of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), which usually begins with seizures, headaches, and fever, and may be misdiagnosed as viral encephalitis in the early stages. Herein, we report two typical MOG antibody (MOG-Ab)-positive patients presenting with CCE, both of whom presented with headache, fever, seizures, and who recovered completely after immunotherapy. In addition, we performed a systematic review of the present literature from the perspectives of population characteristics, clinical symptoms, MRI abnormalities, treatments, and prognosis. Among the patients reported in 25 articles, 33 met our inclusion criteria, with the age of onset ranging from 4 to 52 years. Most of the patients had seizures, headache, fever, and unilateral cortical lesions on brain MRI. For acute CCE, 30 patients were treated with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone, and the symptoms of most patients were completely relieved after immunotherapy. This study reported our experience and lessons learned in the diagnosis and treatment of MOG-Ab-positive CCE and provides a systematic review of the literature to analyse this rare clinical phenotype.
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spelling pubmed-87623312022-01-18 Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Associated Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis: Case Reports and Review of Literature Shu, Hang Ding, Manqiu Shang, Pei Song, Jia Lang, Yue Cui, Li Front Hum Neurosci Neuroscience Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is present in both adults and children. The most common clinical manifestations are optic neuritis, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and brainstem syndrome. Cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE) is a rare clinical phenotype of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), which usually begins with seizures, headaches, and fever, and may be misdiagnosed as viral encephalitis in the early stages. Herein, we report two typical MOG antibody (MOG-Ab)-positive patients presenting with CCE, both of whom presented with headache, fever, seizures, and who recovered completely after immunotherapy. In addition, we performed a systematic review of the present literature from the perspectives of population characteristics, clinical symptoms, MRI abnormalities, treatments, and prognosis. Among the patients reported in 25 articles, 33 met our inclusion criteria, with the age of onset ranging from 4 to 52 years. Most of the patients had seizures, headache, fever, and unilateral cortical lesions on brain MRI. For acute CCE, 30 patients were treated with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone, and the symptoms of most patients were completely relieved after immunotherapy. This study reported our experience and lessons learned in the diagnosis and treatment of MOG-Ab-positive CCE and provides a systematic review of the literature to analyse this rare clinical phenotype. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8762331/ /pubmed/35046784 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.782490 Text en Copyright © 2022 Shu, Ding, Shang, Song, Lang and Cui. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Shu, Hang
Ding, Manqiu
Shang, Pei
Song, Jia
Lang, Yue
Cui, Li
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Associated Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis: Case Reports and Review of Literature
title Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Associated Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis: Case Reports and Review of Literature
title_full Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Associated Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis: Case Reports and Review of Literature
title_fullStr Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Associated Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis: Case Reports and Review of Literature
title_full_unstemmed Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Associated Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis: Case Reports and Review of Literature
title_short Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Associated Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis: Case Reports and Review of Literature
title_sort myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated cerebral cortical encephalitis: case reports and review of literature
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8762331/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35046784
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.782490
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