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Circadian Rhythms in Resting Metabolic Rate Account for Apparent Daily Rhythms in the Thermic Effect of Food
CONTEXT: Daily variation in the thermic effect of food (TEF) is commonly reported and proposed as a contributing factor to weight gain with late eating. However, underlying circadian variability in resting metabolic rate (RMR) is an overlooked factor when calculating TEF associated with eating at di...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8764350/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34473293 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab654 |
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author | Ruddick-Collins, Leonie C Flanagan, Alan Johnston, Jonathan D Morgan, Peter J Johnstone, Alexandra M |
author_facet | Ruddick-Collins, Leonie C Flanagan, Alan Johnston, Jonathan D Morgan, Peter J Johnstone, Alexandra M |
author_sort | Ruddick-Collins, Leonie C |
collection | PubMed |
description | CONTEXT: Daily variation in the thermic effect of food (TEF) is commonly reported and proposed as a contributing factor to weight gain with late eating. However, underlying circadian variability in resting metabolic rate (RMR) is an overlooked factor when calculating TEF associated with eating at different times of the day. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to determine whether methodological approaches to calculating TEF contribute to the reported phenomena of daily variation in TEF. METHODS: Fourteen overweight to obese but otherwise healthy individuals had their resting and postprandial energy expenditure (EE) measured over 15.5 hours at a clinical research unit. TEF was calculated for breakfast, lunch, and dinner using standard methods (above a baseline and premeal RMR measure) and compared to a method incorporating a circadian RMR by which RMR was derived from a sinusoid curve model and TEF was calculated over and above the continuously changing RMR. Main outcome measures were TEF at breakfast, lunch, and dinner calculated by different methods. RESULTS: Standard methods of calculating TEF above a premeal measured RMR showed that morning TEF (60.8 kcal ± 5.6) (mean ± SEM) was 1.6 times greater than TEF at lunch (36.3 kcal ± 8.4) and 2.4 times greater than dinner TEF (25.2 kcal ± 9.6) (P = .022). However, adjusting for modeled circadian RMR nullified any differences between breakfast (54.1 kcal ± 30.8), lunch (49.5 kcal ± 29.4), and dinner (49.1 kcal ± 25.7) (P = .680). CONCLUSION: Differences in TEF between morning and evening can be explained by the underlying circadian resting EE, which is independent of an acute effect of eating. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8764350 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87643502022-01-19 Circadian Rhythms in Resting Metabolic Rate Account for Apparent Daily Rhythms in the Thermic Effect of Food Ruddick-Collins, Leonie C Flanagan, Alan Johnston, Jonathan D Morgan, Peter J Johnstone, Alexandra M J Clin Endocrinol Metab Online Only Articles CONTEXT: Daily variation in the thermic effect of food (TEF) is commonly reported and proposed as a contributing factor to weight gain with late eating. However, underlying circadian variability in resting metabolic rate (RMR) is an overlooked factor when calculating TEF associated with eating at different times of the day. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to determine whether methodological approaches to calculating TEF contribute to the reported phenomena of daily variation in TEF. METHODS: Fourteen overweight to obese but otherwise healthy individuals had their resting and postprandial energy expenditure (EE) measured over 15.5 hours at a clinical research unit. TEF was calculated for breakfast, lunch, and dinner using standard methods (above a baseline and premeal RMR measure) and compared to a method incorporating a circadian RMR by which RMR was derived from a sinusoid curve model and TEF was calculated over and above the continuously changing RMR. Main outcome measures were TEF at breakfast, lunch, and dinner calculated by different methods. RESULTS: Standard methods of calculating TEF above a premeal measured RMR showed that morning TEF (60.8 kcal ± 5.6) (mean ± SEM) was 1.6 times greater than TEF at lunch (36.3 kcal ± 8.4) and 2.4 times greater than dinner TEF (25.2 kcal ± 9.6) (P = .022). However, adjusting for modeled circadian RMR nullified any differences between breakfast (54.1 kcal ± 30.8), lunch (49.5 kcal ± 29.4), and dinner (49.1 kcal ± 25.7) (P = .680). CONCLUSION: Differences in TEF between morning and evening can be explained by the underlying circadian resting EE, which is independent of an acute effect of eating. Oxford University Press 2021-09-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8764350/ /pubmed/34473293 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab654 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Online Only Articles Ruddick-Collins, Leonie C Flanagan, Alan Johnston, Jonathan D Morgan, Peter J Johnstone, Alexandra M Circadian Rhythms in Resting Metabolic Rate Account for Apparent Daily Rhythms in the Thermic Effect of Food |
title | Circadian Rhythms in Resting Metabolic Rate Account for Apparent Daily Rhythms in the Thermic Effect of Food |
title_full | Circadian Rhythms in Resting Metabolic Rate Account for Apparent Daily Rhythms in the Thermic Effect of Food |
title_fullStr | Circadian Rhythms in Resting Metabolic Rate Account for Apparent Daily Rhythms in the Thermic Effect of Food |
title_full_unstemmed | Circadian Rhythms in Resting Metabolic Rate Account for Apparent Daily Rhythms in the Thermic Effect of Food |
title_short | Circadian Rhythms in Resting Metabolic Rate Account for Apparent Daily Rhythms in the Thermic Effect of Food |
title_sort | circadian rhythms in resting metabolic rate account for apparent daily rhythms in the thermic effect of food |
topic | Online Only Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8764350/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34473293 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab654 |
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