Cargando…

Tracking changes in national BCG vaccination policies and practices using the BCG World Atlas

The BCG vaccine is a widely given vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), yet studies on effectiveness have shown considerable heterogeneity; as a result, BCG vaccine policies vary greatly across the globe and change across geography, and with time and disease burden. The recently updated third BCG World...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lancione, Samantha, Alvarez, Jonathan Villa, Alsdurf, Hannah, Pai, Madhukar, Zwerling, Alice Anne
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8764994/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35039309
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007462
_version_ 1784634270974738432
author Lancione, Samantha
Alvarez, Jonathan Villa
Alsdurf, Hannah
Pai, Madhukar
Zwerling, Alice Anne
author_facet Lancione, Samantha
Alvarez, Jonathan Villa
Alsdurf, Hannah
Pai, Madhukar
Zwerling, Alice Anne
author_sort Lancione, Samantha
collection PubMed
description The BCG vaccine is a widely given vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), yet studies on effectiveness have shown considerable heterogeneity; as a result, BCG vaccine policies vary greatly across the globe and change across geography, and with time and disease burden. The recently updated third BCG World Atlas (www.bcgatlas.org) is a publicly available online database with information on BCG practices across 194 countries. This helpful resource has been used for over 10 years to support clinicians, TB researchers and TB vaccine development worldwide. Here, we summarise main findings from the third BCG Atlas’ most recent update which included additional data collected around BCG strain type, vaccine stockouts and associated changes. Longitudinal analysis enables evaluation of changes in TB incidence over time, a method becoming more common in legislation interventions. A large number of countries in the BCG Atlas (156/194 countries) maintain universal neonatal BCG vaccination, of which 51 are considered low TB burden countries. We demonstrate the majority of countries who changed their national policy moved to targeted vaccination for high-risk groups, were in Europe and also had significant decreases in TB incidence both before and after policy change. Globally, the most common BCG strain continues to be the Danish strain, despite its worldwide manufacturing interruption in 2015. Substantial variation and disproportionality exists in which regions were most affected by stockouts between 2009 and 2019. Tracking and understanding the reasoning behind changes to national BCG practices and their impact on TB burden is critical for decision makers as they contemplate how to include BCG vaccination in future immunisation guidelines in low and high TB burden countries.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8764994
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher BMJ Publishing Group
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-87649942022-02-08 Tracking changes in national BCG vaccination policies and practices using the BCG World Atlas Lancione, Samantha Alvarez, Jonathan Villa Alsdurf, Hannah Pai, Madhukar Zwerling, Alice Anne BMJ Glob Health Practice The BCG vaccine is a widely given vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), yet studies on effectiveness have shown considerable heterogeneity; as a result, BCG vaccine policies vary greatly across the globe and change across geography, and with time and disease burden. The recently updated third BCG World Atlas (www.bcgatlas.org) is a publicly available online database with information on BCG practices across 194 countries. This helpful resource has been used for over 10 years to support clinicians, TB researchers and TB vaccine development worldwide. Here, we summarise main findings from the third BCG Atlas’ most recent update which included additional data collected around BCG strain type, vaccine stockouts and associated changes. Longitudinal analysis enables evaluation of changes in TB incidence over time, a method becoming more common in legislation interventions. A large number of countries in the BCG Atlas (156/194 countries) maintain universal neonatal BCG vaccination, of which 51 are considered low TB burden countries. We demonstrate the majority of countries who changed their national policy moved to targeted vaccination for high-risk groups, were in Europe and also had significant decreases in TB incidence both before and after policy change. Globally, the most common BCG strain continues to be the Danish strain, despite its worldwide manufacturing interruption in 2015. Substantial variation and disproportionality exists in which regions were most affected by stockouts between 2009 and 2019. Tracking and understanding the reasoning behind changes to national BCG practices and their impact on TB burden is critical for decision makers as they contemplate how to include BCG vaccination in future immunisation guidelines in low and high TB burden countries. BMJ Publishing Group 2022-01-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8764994/ /pubmed/35039309 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007462 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Practice
Lancione, Samantha
Alvarez, Jonathan Villa
Alsdurf, Hannah
Pai, Madhukar
Zwerling, Alice Anne
Tracking changes in national BCG vaccination policies and practices using the BCG World Atlas
title Tracking changes in national BCG vaccination policies and practices using the BCG World Atlas
title_full Tracking changes in national BCG vaccination policies and practices using the BCG World Atlas
title_fullStr Tracking changes in national BCG vaccination policies and practices using the BCG World Atlas
title_full_unstemmed Tracking changes in national BCG vaccination policies and practices using the BCG World Atlas
title_short Tracking changes in national BCG vaccination policies and practices using the BCG World Atlas
title_sort tracking changes in national bcg vaccination policies and practices using the bcg world atlas
topic Practice
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8764994/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35039309
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007462
work_keys_str_mv AT lancionesamantha trackingchangesinnationalbcgvaccinationpoliciesandpracticesusingthebcgworldatlas
AT alvarezjonathanvilla trackingchangesinnationalbcgvaccinationpoliciesandpracticesusingthebcgworldatlas
AT alsdurfhannah trackingchangesinnationalbcgvaccinationpoliciesandpracticesusingthebcgworldatlas
AT paimadhukar trackingchangesinnationalbcgvaccinationpoliciesandpracticesusingthebcgworldatlas
AT zwerlingaliceanne trackingchangesinnationalbcgvaccinationpoliciesandpracticesusingthebcgworldatlas