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In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases

The small intestine is a digestive organ that has a complex and dynamic ecosystem, which is vulnerable to the risk of pathogen infections and disorders or imbalances. Many studies have focused attention on intestinal mechanisms, such as host–microbiome interactions and pathways, which are associated...

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Autores principales: Jung, Sang-Myung, Kim, Seonghun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8765704/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35058894
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.767038
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author Jung, Sang-Myung
Kim, Seonghun
author_facet Jung, Sang-Myung
Kim, Seonghun
author_sort Jung, Sang-Myung
collection PubMed
description The small intestine is a digestive organ that has a complex and dynamic ecosystem, which is vulnerable to the risk of pathogen infections and disorders or imbalances. Many studies have focused attention on intestinal mechanisms, such as host–microbiome interactions and pathways, which are associated with its healthy and diseased conditions. This review highlights the intestine models currently used for simulating such normal and diseased states. We introduce the typical models used to simulate the intestine along with its cell composition, structure, cellular functions, and external environment and review the current state of the art for in vitro cell-based models of the small intestine system to replace animal models, including ex vivo, 2D culture, organoid, lab-on-a-chip, and 3D culture models. These models are described in terms of their structure, composition, and co-culture availability with microbiomes. Furthermore, we discuss the potential application for the aforementioned techniques to these in vitro models. The review concludes with a summary of intestine models from the viewpoint of current techniques as well as their main features, highlighting potential future developments and applications.
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spelling pubmed-87657042022-01-19 In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases Jung, Sang-Myung Kim, Seonghun Front Microbiol Microbiology The small intestine is a digestive organ that has a complex and dynamic ecosystem, which is vulnerable to the risk of pathogen infections and disorders or imbalances. Many studies have focused attention on intestinal mechanisms, such as host–microbiome interactions and pathways, which are associated with its healthy and diseased conditions. This review highlights the intestine models currently used for simulating such normal and diseased states. We introduce the typical models used to simulate the intestine along with its cell composition, structure, cellular functions, and external environment and review the current state of the art for in vitro cell-based models of the small intestine system to replace animal models, including ex vivo, 2D culture, organoid, lab-on-a-chip, and 3D culture models. These models are described in terms of their structure, composition, and co-culture availability with microbiomes. Furthermore, we discuss the potential application for the aforementioned techniques to these in vitro models. The review concludes with a summary of intestine models from the viewpoint of current techniques as well as their main features, highlighting potential future developments and applications. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8765704/ /pubmed/35058894 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.767038 Text en Copyright © 2022 Jung and Kim. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Jung, Sang-Myung
Kim, Seonghun
In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases
title In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases
title_full In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases
title_fullStr In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases
title_full_unstemmed In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases
title_short In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases
title_sort in vitro models of the small intestine for studying intestinal diseases
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8765704/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35058894
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.767038
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