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In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases
The small intestine is a digestive organ that has a complex and dynamic ecosystem, which is vulnerable to the risk of pathogen infections and disorders or imbalances. Many studies have focused attention on intestinal mechanisms, such as host–microbiome interactions and pathways, which are associated...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8765704/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35058894 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.767038 |
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author | Jung, Sang-Myung Kim, Seonghun |
author_facet | Jung, Sang-Myung Kim, Seonghun |
author_sort | Jung, Sang-Myung |
collection | PubMed |
description | The small intestine is a digestive organ that has a complex and dynamic ecosystem, which is vulnerable to the risk of pathogen infections and disorders or imbalances. Many studies have focused attention on intestinal mechanisms, such as host–microbiome interactions and pathways, which are associated with its healthy and diseased conditions. This review highlights the intestine models currently used for simulating such normal and diseased states. We introduce the typical models used to simulate the intestine along with its cell composition, structure, cellular functions, and external environment and review the current state of the art for in vitro cell-based models of the small intestine system to replace animal models, including ex vivo, 2D culture, organoid, lab-on-a-chip, and 3D culture models. These models are described in terms of their structure, composition, and co-culture availability with microbiomes. Furthermore, we discuss the potential application for the aforementioned techniques to these in vitro models. The review concludes with a summary of intestine models from the viewpoint of current techniques as well as their main features, highlighting potential future developments and applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8765704 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87657042022-01-19 In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases Jung, Sang-Myung Kim, Seonghun Front Microbiol Microbiology The small intestine is a digestive organ that has a complex and dynamic ecosystem, which is vulnerable to the risk of pathogen infections and disorders or imbalances. Many studies have focused attention on intestinal mechanisms, such as host–microbiome interactions and pathways, which are associated with its healthy and diseased conditions. This review highlights the intestine models currently used for simulating such normal and diseased states. We introduce the typical models used to simulate the intestine along with its cell composition, structure, cellular functions, and external environment and review the current state of the art for in vitro cell-based models of the small intestine system to replace animal models, including ex vivo, 2D culture, organoid, lab-on-a-chip, and 3D culture models. These models are described in terms of their structure, composition, and co-culture availability with microbiomes. Furthermore, we discuss the potential application for the aforementioned techniques to these in vitro models. The review concludes with a summary of intestine models from the viewpoint of current techniques as well as their main features, highlighting potential future developments and applications. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8765704/ /pubmed/35058894 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.767038 Text en Copyright © 2022 Jung and Kim. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Jung, Sang-Myung Kim, Seonghun In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases |
title | In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases |
title_full | In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases |
title_fullStr | In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases |
title_full_unstemmed | In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases |
title_short | In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases |
title_sort | in vitro models of the small intestine for studying intestinal diseases |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8765704/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35058894 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.767038 |
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