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Glial Patchwork: Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells and Astrocytes Blanket the Central Nervous System

Tiling is a developmental process where cell populations become evenly distributed throughout a tissue. In this review, we discuss the developmental cellular tiling behaviors of the two major glial populations in the central nervous system (CNS)—oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and astrocytes...

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Autores principales: Barber, Heather M., Ali, Maria F., Kucenas, Sarah
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8766310/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35069117
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.803057
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author Barber, Heather M.
Ali, Maria F.
Kucenas, Sarah
author_facet Barber, Heather M.
Ali, Maria F.
Kucenas, Sarah
author_sort Barber, Heather M.
collection PubMed
description Tiling is a developmental process where cell populations become evenly distributed throughout a tissue. In this review, we discuss the developmental cellular tiling behaviors of the two major glial populations in the central nervous system (CNS)—oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and astrocytes. First, we discuss OPC tiling in the spinal cord, which is comprised of the three cellular behaviors of migration, proliferation, and contact-mediated repulsion (CMR). These cellular behaviors occur simultaneously during OPC development and converge to produce the emergent behavior of tiling which results in OPCs being evenly dispersed and occupying non-overlapping domains throughout the CNS. We next discuss astrocyte tiling in the cortex and hippocampus, where astrocytes migrate, proliferate, then ultimately determine their exclusive domains by gradual removal of overlap rather than sustained CMR. This results in domains that slightly overlap, allowing for both exclusive control of “synaptic islands” and astrocyte-astrocyte communication. We finally discuss the similarities and differences in the tiling behaviors of these glial populations and what remains unknown regarding glial tiling and how perturbations to this process may impact injury and disease.
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spelling pubmed-87663102022-01-20 Glial Patchwork: Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells and Astrocytes Blanket the Central Nervous System Barber, Heather M. Ali, Maria F. Kucenas, Sarah Front Cell Neurosci Cellular Neuroscience Tiling is a developmental process where cell populations become evenly distributed throughout a tissue. In this review, we discuss the developmental cellular tiling behaviors of the two major glial populations in the central nervous system (CNS)—oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and astrocytes. First, we discuss OPC tiling in the spinal cord, which is comprised of the three cellular behaviors of migration, proliferation, and contact-mediated repulsion (CMR). These cellular behaviors occur simultaneously during OPC development and converge to produce the emergent behavior of tiling which results in OPCs being evenly dispersed and occupying non-overlapping domains throughout the CNS. We next discuss astrocyte tiling in the cortex and hippocampus, where astrocytes migrate, proliferate, then ultimately determine their exclusive domains by gradual removal of overlap rather than sustained CMR. This results in domains that slightly overlap, allowing for both exclusive control of “synaptic islands” and astrocyte-astrocyte communication. We finally discuss the similarities and differences in the tiling behaviors of these glial populations and what remains unknown regarding glial tiling and how perturbations to this process may impact injury and disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8766310/ /pubmed/35069117 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.803057 Text en Copyright © 2022 Barber, Ali and Kucenas. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular Neuroscience
Barber, Heather M.
Ali, Maria F.
Kucenas, Sarah
Glial Patchwork: Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells and Astrocytes Blanket the Central Nervous System
title Glial Patchwork: Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells and Astrocytes Blanket the Central Nervous System
title_full Glial Patchwork: Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells and Astrocytes Blanket the Central Nervous System
title_fullStr Glial Patchwork: Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells and Astrocytes Blanket the Central Nervous System
title_full_unstemmed Glial Patchwork: Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells and Astrocytes Blanket the Central Nervous System
title_short Glial Patchwork: Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells and Astrocytes Blanket the Central Nervous System
title_sort glial patchwork: oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and astrocytes blanket the central nervous system
topic Cellular Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8766310/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35069117
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.803057
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