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Preliminary Outbreak Investigation and Spatial Epidemiology of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Nigeria

The outbreak of highly contagious transboundary rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) in Nigeria has a severe socio-economic impact on the rabbit industry. We present the outbreak investigation and spatial epidemiology of the first confirmed RHD outbreak in Nigeria from a field survey of 28 stochastic ou...

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Autores principales: Oyewo, Muftau, Al-Mustapha, Ahmad I., Richards, Bukola A., Abdulkareem, Lateefah, Olasoju, Taiwo, Babale, Sufiyan M., Khalid, Hamza, Meseko, Clement, Balogun, Muhammad S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8766800/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35071381
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.771599
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author Oyewo, Muftau
Al-Mustapha, Ahmad I.
Richards, Bukola A.
Abdulkareem, Lateefah
Olasoju, Taiwo
Babale, Sufiyan M.
Khalid, Hamza
Meseko, Clement
Balogun, Muhammad S.
author_facet Oyewo, Muftau
Al-Mustapha, Ahmad I.
Richards, Bukola A.
Abdulkareem, Lateefah
Olasoju, Taiwo
Babale, Sufiyan M.
Khalid, Hamza
Meseko, Clement
Balogun, Muhammad S.
author_sort Oyewo, Muftau
collection PubMed
description The outbreak of highly contagious transboundary rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) in Nigeria has a severe socio-economic impact on the rabbit industry. We present the outbreak investigation and spatial epidemiology of the first confirmed RHD outbreak in Nigeria from a field survey of 28 stochastic outbreaks in Kwara State, north-central Nigeria. A total of 1,639 rabbits died from 2,053 susceptible rabbits. The serotype “RHDV-2” was detected in tissue samples from some of the outbreaks. The case fatality rate of the RHDV-2 outbreak was 79.8%. The source of the outbreak is still unknown. Most (71.4%) of the farmers had introduced new rabbits into their farms 1–2 weeks before the outbreak. Most of the farmers practiced biosecurity measures such as farm fencing (83.1%) and routine disinfection of the farm materials (53.6%). However, only 17.8% of the farmers enforced movement restrictions into their farms. Some of the farmers (42.8%) had restocked their farms after being affected by the RHD outbreak and 75% of all those farmers that have restocked had used the RHD vaccine. There was no statistically significant association between adherence to biosecurity measures and the RHD outbreak in affected farms (p = 0.408). However, the introduction of new rabbits into rabbit farms significantly pre-disposed farms to the RHD outbreak (p < 0.001). There is a need for active surveillance of RHD across the country to ensure efficient and effective tracking, monitoring, and control of the disease. Equally, understanding the genetic diversity of the Lagoviruses in Nigeria that cause RHD to aid vaccine development is of utmost importance to prevent future RHD outbreaks.
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spelling pubmed-87668002022-01-20 Preliminary Outbreak Investigation and Spatial Epidemiology of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Nigeria Oyewo, Muftau Al-Mustapha, Ahmad I. Richards, Bukola A. Abdulkareem, Lateefah Olasoju, Taiwo Babale, Sufiyan M. Khalid, Hamza Meseko, Clement Balogun, Muhammad S. Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science The outbreak of highly contagious transboundary rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) in Nigeria has a severe socio-economic impact on the rabbit industry. We present the outbreak investigation and spatial epidemiology of the first confirmed RHD outbreak in Nigeria from a field survey of 28 stochastic outbreaks in Kwara State, north-central Nigeria. A total of 1,639 rabbits died from 2,053 susceptible rabbits. The serotype “RHDV-2” was detected in tissue samples from some of the outbreaks. The case fatality rate of the RHDV-2 outbreak was 79.8%. The source of the outbreak is still unknown. Most (71.4%) of the farmers had introduced new rabbits into their farms 1–2 weeks before the outbreak. Most of the farmers practiced biosecurity measures such as farm fencing (83.1%) and routine disinfection of the farm materials (53.6%). However, only 17.8% of the farmers enforced movement restrictions into their farms. Some of the farmers (42.8%) had restocked their farms after being affected by the RHD outbreak and 75% of all those farmers that have restocked had used the RHD vaccine. There was no statistically significant association between adherence to biosecurity measures and the RHD outbreak in affected farms (p = 0.408). However, the introduction of new rabbits into rabbit farms significantly pre-disposed farms to the RHD outbreak (p < 0.001). There is a need for active surveillance of RHD across the country to ensure efficient and effective tracking, monitoring, and control of the disease. Equally, understanding the genetic diversity of the Lagoviruses in Nigeria that cause RHD to aid vaccine development is of utmost importance to prevent future RHD outbreaks. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8766800/ /pubmed/35071381 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.771599 Text en Copyright © 2022 Oyewo, Al-Mustapha, Richards, Abdulkareem, Olasoju, Babale, Khalid, Meseko and Balogun. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Oyewo, Muftau
Al-Mustapha, Ahmad I.
Richards, Bukola A.
Abdulkareem, Lateefah
Olasoju, Taiwo
Babale, Sufiyan M.
Khalid, Hamza
Meseko, Clement
Balogun, Muhammad S.
Preliminary Outbreak Investigation and Spatial Epidemiology of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Nigeria
title Preliminary Outbreak Investigation and Spatial Epidemiology of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Nigeria
title_full Preliminary Outbreak Investigation and Spatial Epidemiology of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Nigeria
title_fullStr Preliminary Outbreak Investigation and Spatial Epidemiology of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Preliminary Outbreak Investigation and Spatial Epidemiology of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Nigeria
title_short Preliminary Outbreak Investigation and Spatial Epidemiology of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Nigeria
title_sort preliminary outbreak investigation and spatial epidemiology of rabbit hemorrhagic disease outbreak in nigeria
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8766800/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35071381
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.771599
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