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The Role of the Tumor Suppressor Gene Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Gamma in Cancer
Members of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTPs) family are associated with growth regulation and cancer development. Acting as natural counterpart of tyrosine kinases (TKs), mainly involved in crucial signaling pathways such as regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, t...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8766859/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35071225 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.768969 |
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author | Boni, Christian Sorio, Claudio |
author_facet | Boni, Christian Sorio, Claudio |
author_sort | Boni, Christian |
collection | PubMed |
description | Members of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTPs) family are associated with growth regulation and cancer development. Acting as natural counterpart of tyrosine kinases (TKs), mainly involved in crucial signaling pathways such as regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, they represent key parts of complex physiological homeostatic mechanisms. Protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma (PTPRG) is classified as a R5 of the receptor type (RPTPs) subfamily and is broadly expressed in various isoforms in different tissues. PTPRG is considered a tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) mapped on chromosome 3p14-21, a region frequently subject to loss of heterozygosity in various tumors. However, reported mechanisms of PTPRG downregulation include missense mutations, ncRNA gene regulation and epigenetic silencing by hypermethylation of CpG sites on promoter region causing loss of function of the gene product. Inactive forms or total loss of PTPRG protein have been described in sporadic and Lynch syndrome colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ovarian, breast, and lung cancers, gastric cancer or diseases affecting the hematopoietic compartment as Lymphoma and Leukemia. Noteworthy, in Central Nervous System (CNS) PTPRZ/PTPRG appears to be crucial in maintaining glioblastoma cell-related neuronal stemness, carving out a pathological functional role also in this tissue. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the role of PTPRG in various human cancers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8766859 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87668592022-01-20 The Role of the Tumor Suppressor Gene Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Gamma in Cancer Boni, Christian Sorio, Claudio Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Members of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTPs) family are associated with growth regulation and cancer development. Acting as natural counterpart of tyrosine kinases (TKs), mainly involved in crucial signaling pathways such as regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, they represent key parts of complex physiological homeostatic mechanisms. Protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma (PTPRG) is classified as a R5 of the receptor type (RPTPs) subfamily and is broadly expressed in various isoforms in different tissues. PTPRG is considered a tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) mapped on chromosome 3p14-21, a region frequently subject to loss of heterozygosity in various tumors. However, reported mechanisms of PTPRG downregulation include missense mutations, ncRNA gene regulation and epigenetic silencing by hypermethylation of CpG sites on promoter region causing loss of function of the gene product. Inactive forms or total loss of PTPRG protein have been described in sporadic and Lynch syndrome colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ovarian, breast, and lung cancers, gastric cancer or diseases affecting the hematopoietic compartment as Lymphoma and Leukemia. Noteworthy, in Central Nervous System (CNS) PTPRZ/PTPRG appears to be crucial in maintaining glioblastoma cell-related neuronal stemness, carving out a pathological functional role also in this tissue. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the role of PTPRG in various human cancers. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8766859/ /pubmed/35071225 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.768969 Text en Copyright © 2022 Boni and Sorio. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Boni, Christian Sorio, Claudio The Role of the Tumor Suppressor Gene Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Gamma in Cancer |
title | The Role of the Tumor Suppressor Gene Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Gamma in Cancer |
title_full | The Role of the Tumor Suppressor Gene Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Gamma in Cancer |
title_fullStr | The Role of the Tumor Suppressor Gene Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Gamma in Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of the Tumor Suppressor Gene Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Gamma in Cancer |
title_short | The Role of the Tumor Suppressor Gene Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Gamma in Cancer |
title_sort | role of the tumor suppressor gene protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma in cancer |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8766859/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35071225 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.768969 |
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