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Sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are rare complications of typhoid fever: A case report

INTRODUCTION: and importance: Typhoid fever is an infection caused by Salmonella typhi. The common complications are intestinal perforation and typhoid encephalopathy. Cases of typhoid fever with sepsis and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are rarely reported, even though typhoid feve...

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Autores principales: Nurnaningsih, William, Vincencius, Rusmawatiningtyas, Desy, Makrufardi, Firdian, Kumara, Intan Fatah
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8767294/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35079365
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103226
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author Nurnaningsih
William, Vincencius
Rusmawatiningtyas, Desy
Makrufardi, Firdian
Kumara, Intan Fatah
author_facet Nurnaningsih
William, Vincencius
Rusmawatiningtyas, Desy
Makrufardi, Firdian
Kumara, Intan Fatah
author_sort Nurnaningsih
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: and importance: Typhoid fever is an infection caused by Salmonella typhi. The common complications are intestinal perforation and typhoid encephalopathy. Cases of typhoid fever with sepsis and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are rarely reported, even though typhoid fever is endemic in Indonesia. CASE PRESENTATION: A 4-year-old male referral case from a district hospital was experiencing fever, decrease of consciousness and massive bleeding from his gastrointestinal tract and nose. Investigation revealed results from the IgM typhoid test using Tubex®TF, with the score of +8. PELOD 2 score was 10, and PSOFA was 5. DIC score was 7. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with typhoid fever, with DIC and sepsis being the complication of the typhoid fever. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: DIC is mostly a subclinical event, and severe bleeding complications found in typhoid fever are uncommon, although DIC scores which indicate an imbalance of coagulation and fibrinolysis are markedly elevated in patients with typhoid. DIC can be a part of multi-organ dysfunction due to sepsis syndrome. Acute infection can also result in systemic activation of coagulation. CONCLUSION: Sepsis and DIC are rare complications of typhoid fever. Typhoid fever can be presented with profound bleeding manifestation other than gastrointestinal bleeding, since it is a common symptom of typhoid fever. Further research should be conducted to postulate association between typhoid fever and DIC.
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spelling pubmed-87672942022-01-24 Sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are rare complications of typhoid fever: A case report Nurnaningsih William, Vincencius Rusmawatiningtyas, Desy Makrufardi, Firdian Kumara, Intan Fatah Ann Med Surg (Lond) Case Report INTRODUCTION: and importance: Typhoid fever is an infection caused by Salmonella typhi. The common complications are intestinal perforation and typhoid encephalopathy. Cases of typhoid fever with sepsis and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are rarely reported, even though typhoid fever is endemic in Indonesia. CASE PRESENTATION: A 4-year-old male referral case from a district hospital was experiencing fever, decrease of consciousness and massive bleeding from his gastrointestinal tract and nose. Investigation revealed results from the IgM typhoid test using Tubex®TF, with the score of +8. PELOD 2 score was 10, and PSOFA was 5. DIC score was 7. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with typhoid fever, with DIC and sepsis being the complication of the typhoid fever. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: DIC is mostly a subclinical event, and severe bleeding complications found in typhoid fever are uncommon, although DIC scores which indicate an imbalance of coagulation and fibrinolysis are markedly elevated in patients with typhoid. DIC can be a part of multi-organ dysfunction due to sepsis syndrome. Acute infection can also result in systemic activation of coagulation. CONCLUSION: Sepsis and DIC are rare complications of typhoid fever. Typhoid fever can be presented with profound bleeding manifestation other than gastrointestinal bleeding, since it is a common symptom of typhoid fever. Further research should be conducted to postulate association between typhoid fever and DIC. Elsevier 2022-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8767294/ /pubmed/35079365 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103226 Text en © 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IJS Publishing Group Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Case Report
Nurnaningsih
William, Vincencius
Rusmawatiningtyas, Desy
Makrufardi, Firdian
Kumara, Intan Fatah
Sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are rare complications of typhoid fever: A case report
title Sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are rare complications of typhoid fever: A case report
title_full Sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are rare complications of typhoid fever: A case report
title_fullStr Sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are rare complications of typhoid fever: A case report
title_full_unstemmed Sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are rare complications of typhoid fever: A case report
title_short Sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are rare complications of typhoid fever: A case report
title_sort sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are rare complications of typhoid fever: a case report
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8767294/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35079365
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103226
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