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Introduction and adaptation of an emerging pathogen to olive trees in Italy

The invasive plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa currently threatens European flora through the loss of economically and culturally important host plants. This emerging vector-borne bacterium, native to the Americas, causes several important diseases in a wide range of plants including crops, ornament...

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Autores principales: Sicard, Anne, Saponari, Maria, Vanhove, Mathieu, Castillo, Andreina I., Giampetruzzi, Annalisa, Loconsole, Giuliana, Saldarelli, Pasquale, Boscia, Donato, Neema, Claire, Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Microbiology Society 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8767334/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34904938
http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000735
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author Sicard, Anne
Saponari, Maria
Vanhove, Mathieu
Castillo, Andreina I.
Giampetruzzi, Annalisa
Loconsole, Giuliana
Saldarelli, Pasquale
Boscia, Donato
Neema, Claire
Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.
author_facet Sicard, Anne
Saponari, Maria
Vanhove, Mathieu
Castillo, Andreina I.
Giampetruzzi, Annalisa
Loconsole, Giuliana
Saldarelli, Pasquale
Boscia, Donato
Neema, Claire
Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.
author_sort Sicard, Anne
collection PubMed
description The invasive plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa currently threatens European flora through the loss of economically and culturally important host plants. This emerging vector-borne bacterium, native to the Americas, causes several important diseases in a wide range of plants including crops, ornamentals, and trees. Previously absent from Europe, and considered a quarantine pathogen, X. fastidiosa was first detected in Apulia, Italy in 2013 associated with a devastating disease of olive trees (Olive Quick Decline Syndrome, OQDS). OQDS has led to significant economic, environmental, cultural, as well as political crises. Although the biology of X. fastidiosa diseases have been studied for over a century, there is still no information on the determinants of specificity between bacterial genotypes and host plant species, which is particularly relevant today as X. fastidiosa is expanding in the naive European landscape. We analysed the genomes of 79 X . fastidiosa samples from diseased olive trees across the affected area in Italy as well as genomes of the most genetically closely related strains from Central America. We provided insights into the ecological and evolutionary emergence of this pathogen in Italy. We first showed that the outbreak in Apulia is due to a single introduction from Central America that we estimated to have occurred in 2008 [95 % HPD: 1930–2016]. By using a combination of population genomic approaches and evolutionary genomics methods, we further identified a short list of genes that could play a major role in the adaptation of X. fastidiosa to this new environment. We finally provided experimental evidence for the adaptation of the strain to this new environment.
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spelling pubmed-87673342022-01-19 Introduction and adaptation of an emerging pathogen to olive trees in Italy Sicard, Anne Saponari, Maria Vanhove, Mathieu Castillo, Andreina I. Giampetruzzi, Annalisa Loconsole, Giuliana Saldarelli, Pasquale Boscia, Donato Neema, Claire Almeida, Rodrigo P. P. Microb Genom Research Articles The invasive plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa currently threatens European flora through the loss of economically and culturally important host plants. This emerging vector-borne bacterium, native to the Americas, causes several important diseases in a wide range of plants including crops, ornamentals, and trees. Previously absent from Europe, and considered a quarantine pathogen, X. fastidiosa was first detected in Apulia, Italy in 2013 associated with a devastating disease of olive trees (Olive Quick Decline Syndrome, OQDS). OQDS has led to significant economic, environmental, cultural, as well as political crises. Although the biology of X. fastidiosa diseases have been studied for over a century, there is still no information on the determinants of specificity between bacterial genotypes and host plant species, which is particularly relevant today as X. fastidiosa is expanding in the naive European landscape. We analysed the genomes of 79 X . fastidiosa samples from diseased olive trees across the affected area in Italy as well as genomes of the most genetically closely related strains from Central America. We provided insights into the ecological and evolutionary emergence of this pathogen in Italy. We first showed that the outbreak in Apulia is due to a single introduction from Central America that we estimated to have occurred in 2008 [95 % HPD: 1930–2016]. By using a combination of population genomic approaches and evolutionary genomics methods, we further identified a short list of genes that could play a major role in the adaptation of X. fastidiosa to this new environment. We finally provided experimental evidence for the adaptation of the strain to this new environment. Microbiology Society 2021-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8767334/ /pubmed/34904938 http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000735 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Sicard, Anne
Saponari, Maria
Vanhove, Mathieu
Castillo, Andreina I.
Giampetruzzi, Annalisa
Loconsole, Giuliana
Saldarelli, Pasquale
Boscia, Donato
Neema, Claire
Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.
Introduction and adaptation of an emerging pathogen to olive trees in Italy
title Introduction and adaptation of an emerging pathogen to olive trees in Italy
title_full Introduction and adaptation of an emerging pathogen to olive trees in Italy
title_fullStr Introduction and adaptation of an emerging pathogen to olive trees in Italy
title_full_unstemmed Introduction and adaptation of an emerging pathogen to olive trees in Italy
title_short Introduction and adaptation of an emerging pathogen to olive trees in Italy
title_sort introduction and adaptation of an emerging pathogen to olive trees in italy
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8767334/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34904938
http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000735
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