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Cryptosporidium felis differs from other Cryptosporidium spp. in codon usage

Cryptosporidium spp. are important enteric pathogens in a wide range of vertebrates including humans. Previous comparative analysis revealed conservation in genome composition, gene content, and gene organization among Cryptosporidium spp., with a progressive reductive evolution in metabolic pathway...

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Autores principales: Li, Jiayu, Guo, Yaqiong, Roellig, Dawn M., Li, Na, Feng, Yaoyu, Xiao, Lihua
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Microbiology Society 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8767354/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34907893
http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000711
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author Li, Jiayu
Guo, Yaqiong
Roellig, Dawn M.
Li, Na
Feng, Yaoyu
Xiao, Lihua
author_facet Li, Jiayu
Guo, Yaqiong
Roellig, Dawn M.
Li, Na
Feng, Yaoyu
Xiao, Lihua
author_sort Li, Jiayu
collection PubMed
description Cryptosporidium spp. are important enteric pathogens in a wide range of vertebrates including humans. Previous comparative analysis revealed conservation in genome composition, gene content, and gene organization among Cryptosporidium spp., with a progressive reductive evolution in metabolic pathways and invasion-related proteins. In this study, we sequenced the genome of zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium felis and conducted a comparative genomic analysis. While most intestinal Cryptosporidium species have similar genomic characteristics and almost complete genome synteny, fewer protein-coding genes and some sequence inversions and translocations were found in the C. felis genome. The C. felis genome exhibits much higher GC content (39.6 %) than other Cryptosporidium species (24.3–32.9 %), especially at the third codon position (GC3) of protein-coding genes. Thus, C. felis has a different codon usage, which increases the use of less energy costly amino acids (Gly and Ala) encoded by GC-rich codons. While the tRNA usage is conserved among Cryptosporidium species, consistent with its higher GC content, C. felis uses a unique tRNA for GTG for valine instead of GTA in other Cryptosporidium species. Both mutational pressures and natural selection are associated with the evolution of the codon usage in Cryptosporidium spp., while natural selection seems to drive the codon usage in C. felis. Other unique features of the C. felis genome include the loss of the entire traditional and alternative electron transport systems and several invasion-related proteins. Thus, the preference for the use of some less energy costly amino acids in C. felis may lead to a more harmonious parasite–host interaction, and the strengthened host-adaptation is reflected by the further reductive evolution of metabolism and host invasion-related proteins.
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spelling pubmed-87673542022-01-19 Cryptosporidium felis differs from other Cryptosporidium spp. in codon usage Li, Jiayu Guo, Yaqiong Roellig, Dawn M. Li, Na Feng, Yaoyu Xiao, Lihua Microb Genom Research Articles Cryptosporidium spp. are important enteric pathogens in a wide range of vertebrates including humans. Previous comparative analysis revealed conservation in genome composition, gene content, and gene organization among Cryptosporidium spp., with a progressive reductive evolution in metabolic pathways and invasion-related proteins. In this study, we sequenced the genome of zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium felis and conducted a comparative genomic analysis. While most intestinal Cryptosporidium species have similar genomic characteristics and almost complete genome synteny, fewer protein-coding genes and some sequence inversions and translocations were found in the C. felis genome. The C. felis genome exhibits much higher GC content (39.6 %) than other Cryptosporidium species (24.3–32.9 %), especially at the third codon position (GC3) of protein-coding genes. Thus, C. felis has a different codon usage, which increases the use of less energy costly amino acids (Gly and Ala) encoded by GC-rich codons. While the tRNA usage is conserved among Cryptosporidium species, consistent with its higher GC content, C. felis uses a unique tRNA for GTG for valine instead of GTA in other Cryptosporidium species. Both mutational pressures and natural selection are associated with the evolution of the codon usage in Cryptosporidium spp., while natural selection seems to drive the codon usage in C. felis. Other unique features of the C. felis genome include the loss of the entire traditional and alternative electron transport systems and several invasion-related proteins. Thus, the preference for the use of some less energy costly amino acids in C. felis may lead to a more harmonious parasite–host interaction, and the strengthened host-adaptation is reflected by the further reductive evolution of metabolism and host invasion-related proteins. Microbiology Society 2021-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8767354/ /pubmed/34907893 http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000711 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Li, Jiayu
Guo, Yaqiong
Roellig, Dawn M.
Li, Na
Feng, Yaoyu
Xiao, Lihua
Cryptosporidium felis differs from other Cryptosporidium spp. in codon usage
title Cryptosporidium felis differs from other Cryptosporidium spp. in codon usage
title_full Cryptosporidium felis differs from other Cryptosporidium spp. in codon usage
title_fullStr Cryptosporidium felis differs from other Cryptosporidium spp. in codon usage
title_full_unstemmed Cryptosporidium felis differs from other Cryptosporidium spp. in codon usage
title_short Cryptosporidium felis differs from other Cryptosporidium spp. in codon usage
title_sort cryptosporidium felis differs from other cryptosporidium spp. in codon usage
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8767354/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34907893
http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000711
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