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Hypertension as a prognostic factor in the prediction of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) brought the majority of the world into a halt when it started to spread outside the virus epicenter in Wuhan, China. With the alarming increase in the number of cases and deaths...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8767598/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2393 |
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author | Pagdanganan, C D P Juangco, J |
author_facet | Pagdanganan, C D P Juangco, J |
author_sort | Pagdanganan, C D P |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) brought the majority of the world into a halt when it started to spread outside the virus epicenter in Wuhan, China. With the alarming increase in the number of cases and deaths worldwide, the possible risk factors should be determined in order to have a general idea on those who are more susceptible to have this disease. Hypertension, being one of the world's leading causes of noncommunicable diseases, was identified by the CDC to be one of underlying medical conditions that might pose an increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the predictive value of hypertension as a comorbidity in COVID-19 mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants included all patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19, and have hypertension as their pre-existing medical condition. Studies were selected based on study design, participants, exposure, outcome, timing, setting and language. The following databases were searched from June to August 2020 for case control and cohort studies on MEDLINE and CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Clinical Key, OVID database, Wiley Online library, and UpToDate. The criteria for evaluation of risk of bias were based on the selection bias, comparability bias and outcome bias. All information gathered were collated and evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and CEBM. RESULTS: Individual studies all showed a significant relationship between hypertension and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Odds ratio ranging from 1.75 to 28.88, and hazard ratio ranging from 1.49 to 3.32 are present in the studies. For the data analysis, Mantel Haenszel method and random effects model was used for case control studies with odds ratio as effect measure; while Inverse variance method and fixed model was used for cohort studies with hazard ratio as effect measure. Both groups showed significant positive association between mortality and hypertension as a prognostic factor. Overall odds ratio is 5.25 (2.42–11.40) with a p value of <0.ehab724.23931, and the pooled hazard ratio is 2.21 (1.75–2.80) with a p value of <0.ehab724.23931. This shows that there is an increased risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients with hypertension as a comorbid condition. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension as a comorbid condition is a prognostic factor in the prediction of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The ten included studies showed that there is a significant positive association suggesting an increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. FUNDING ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center College of Medicine |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8767598 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87675982022-01-20 Hypertension as a prognostic factor in the prediction of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis Pagdanganan, C D P Juangco, J Eur Heart J Abstract Supplement BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) brought the majority of the world into a halt when it started to spread outside the virus epicenter in Wuhan, China. With the alarming increase in the number of cases and deaths worldwide, the possible risk factors should be determined in order to have a general idea on those who are more susceptible to have this disease. Hypertension, being one of the world's leading causes of noncommunicable diseases, was identified by the CDC to be one of underlying medical conditions that might pose an increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the predictive value of hypertension as a comorbidity in COVID-19 mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants included all patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19, and have hypertension as their pre-existing medical condition. Studies were selected based on study design, participants, exposure, outcome, timing, setting and language. The following databases were searched from June to August 2020 for case control and cohort studies on MEDLINE and CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Clinical Key, OVID database, Wiley Online library, and UpToDate. The criteria for evaluation of risk of bias were based on the selection bias, comparability bias and outcome bias. All information gathered were collated and evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and CEBM. RESULTS: Individual studies all showed a significant relationship between hypertension and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Odds ratio ranging from 1.75 to 28.88, and hazard ratio ranging from 1.49 to 3.32 are present in the studies. For the data analysis, Mantel Haenszel method and random effects model was used for case control studies with odds ratio as effect measure; while Inverse variance method and fixed model was used for cohort studies with hazard ratio as effect measure. Both groups showed significant positive association between mortality and hypertension as a prognostic factor. Overall odds ratio is 5.25 (2.42–11.40) with a p value of <0.ehab724.23931, and the pooled hazard ratio is 2.21 (1.75–2.80) with a p value of <0.ehab724.23931. This shows that there is an increased risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients with hypertension as a comorbid condition. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension as a comorbid condition is a prognostic factor in the prediction of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The ten included studies showed that there is a significant positive association suggesting an increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. FUNDING ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center College of Medicine Oxford University Press 2021-10-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8767598/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2393 Text en Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2021. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com. https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_modelThis article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections. |
spellingShingle | Abstract Supplement Pagdanganan, C D P Juangco, J Hypertension as a prognostic factor in the prediction of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title | Hypertension as a prognostic factor in the prediction of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full | Hypertension as a prognostic factor in the prediction of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_fullStr | Hypertension as a prognostic factor in the prediction of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Hypertension as a prognostic factor in the prediction of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_short | Hypertension as a prognostic factor in the prediction of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_sort | hypertension as a prognostic factor in the prediction of mortality in patients with covid-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
topic | Abstract Supplement |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8767598/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2393 |
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