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Effects of synthetic silymarin-PLGA nanoparticles on M2 polarization and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages
OBJECTIVE(S): Silymarin (SM) is a natural antioxidant compound with good anti-inflammatory effects, but its poor water solubility restricts its usage. Today, nanomaterial compounds (such as PLGA Poly D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) can provide a proper drug delivery system and help improve the accessi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8769520/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35096304 http://dx.doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2021.59312.13161 |
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author | Azadpour, Mojgan Farajollahi, Mohammad Morad Dariushnejad, Hassan Varzi, Ali Mohammad Varezardi, Amir Barati, Mitra |
author_facet | Azadpour, Mojgan Farajollahi, Mohammad Morad Dariushnejad, Hassan Varzi, Ali Mohammad Varezardi, Amir Barati, Mitra |
author_sort | Azadpour, Mojgan |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE(S): Silymarin (SM) is a natural antioxidant compound with good anti-inflammatory effects, but its poor water solubility restricts its usage. Today, nanomaterial compounds (such as PLGA Poly D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) can provide a proper drug delivery system and help improve the accessibility of bioactive compounds to cells and tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) containing SM (SM-PLGA) were synthesized and characterized and their biological effects were evaluated on M2 macrophage polarization to regulate inflammation. SM-PLGA NPs were fabricated by the oil in water emulsion (O/W) method. Macrophages (MQs) were isolated from mouse peritoneum by the cold RPMI lavage protocol. Primary mouse MQ cells were treated by SM and SM-PLGA NPs and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). M2 polarization was evaluated by measurements of cytokine secretion levels (TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-10), flow cytometry markers (F4/80, CD11b, CD38, and CD206), and the expression of specific proteins (M2 Ym1 and Fizz1). RESULTS: SM-PLGA characterization showed that NPs were fabricated in the desired form. SM and SM-PLGA decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL1-β) and increased IL10 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. On the other hand, the M2-associated markers and proteins increased following treatment with SM and SM-PLGA. Post-hoc analysis indicated that these changes were more pronounced in the SM-PLGA group. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that SM-PLGA could markedly promote M2 polarization, thereby providing a valuable medical approach against sepsis and septic shock. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8769520 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Mashhad University of Medical Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87695202022-01-28 Effects of synthetic silymarin-PLGA nanoparticles on M2 polarization and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages Azadpour, Mojgan Farajollahi, Mohammad Morad Dariushnejad, Hassan Varzi, Ali Mohammad Varezardi, Amir Barati, Mitra Iran J Basic Med Sci Original Article OBJECTIVE(S): Silymarin (SM) is a natural antioxidant compound with good anti-inflammatory effects, but its poor water solubility restricts its usage. Today, nanomaterial compounds (such as PLGA Poly D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) can provide a proper drug delivery system and help improve the accessibility of bioactive compounds to cells and tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) containing SM (SM-PLGA) were synthesized and characterized and their biological effects were evaluated on M2 macrophage polarization to regulate inflammation. SM-PLGA NPs were fabricated by the oil in water emulsion (O/W) method. Macrophages (MQs) were isolated from mouse peritoneum by the cold RPMI lavage protocol. Primary mouse MQ cells were treated by SM and SM-PLGA NPs and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). M2 polarization was evaluated by measurements of cytokine secretion levels (TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-10), flow cytometry markers (F4/80, CD11b, CD38, and CD206), and the expression of specific proteins (M2 Ym1 and Fizz1). RESULTS: SM-PLGA characterization showed that NPs were fabricated in the desired form. SM and SM-PLGA decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL1-β) and increased IL10 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. On the other hand, the M2-associated markers and proteins increased following treatment with SM and SM-PLGA. Post-hoc analysis indicated that these changes were more pronounced in the SM-PLGA group. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that SM-PLGA could markedly promote M2 polarization, thereby providing a valuable medical approach against sepsis and septic shock. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 2021-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8769520/ /pubmed/35096304 http://dx.doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2021.59312.13161 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) ) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Azadpour, Mojgan Farajollahi, Mohammad Morad Dariushnejad, Hassan Varzi, Ali Mohammad Varezardi, Amir Barati, Mitra Effects of synthetic silymarin-PLGA nanoparticles on M2 polarization and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages |
title | Effects of synthetic silymarin-PLGA nanoparticles on M2 polarization and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages |
title_full | Effects of synthetic silymarin-PLGA nanoparticles on M2 polarization and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages |
title_fullStr | Effects of synthetic silymarin-PLGA nanoparticles on M2 polarization and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of synthetic silymarin-PLGA nanoparticles on M2 polarization and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages |
title_short | Effects of synthetic silymarin-PLGA nanoparticles on M2 polarization and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages |
title_sort | effects of synthetic silymarin-plga nanoparticles on m2 polarization and inflammatory cytokines in lps-treated murine peritoneal macrophages |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8769520/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35096304 http://dx.doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2021.59312.13161 |
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