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Comparison of two doses of ketamine for induction of anaesthesia in ponies undergoing field castration
BACKGROUND: Ketamine-based total intravenous anaesthesia techniques are commonly used in equine practice for ponies requiring short procedures such as castration in field conditions. When a longer duration of recumbency than provided by the initial dose of anaesthetic agents is required, administrat...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8770169/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35070872 http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.27 |
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author | Wise, Innes K. Klöppel, Heide Leece, Elizabeth A. |
author_facet | Wise, Innes K. Klöppel, Heide Leece, Elizabeth A. |
author_sort | Wise, Innes K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Ketamine-based total intravenous anaesthesia techniques are commonly used in equine practice for ponies requiring short procedures such as castration in field conditions. When a longer duration of recumbency than provided by the initial dose of anaesthetic agents is required, administration of supplementary ‘top-up’ doses of anaesthetic agents is required. Ideally, a single dose of anaesthetic agents would reliably achieve a longer duration of action whilst maintaining adequate anaesthetic, surgical and recovery qualities. AIM: This prospective, randomised and blinded study aimed to compare the UK-licensed induction dose of ketamine with an increased dose in ponies undergoing castration in field conditions. The hypothesis was that an increased dose would produce a longer duration of action without negatively affecting qualities of anaesthesia, surgical conditions and recovery. METHODS: Ponies were randomly allocated to receive ketamine at either 2.2 mg kg(-1) (K2.2) or 3 mg kg(-1) (K3) combined with diazepam 20 μg kg(-1) following pre-anaesthetic medication with romifidine and butorphanol. Quality of anaesthesia, surgery and recovery were scored using simple descriptive scales (SDS) and timings of key events recorded. Top-up doses of ketamine 0.5 mg kg(-1) were administered if anaesthesia was inadequate during surgery. Time of top-up doses and total ketamine doses were recorded. Data were analysed using Student t-tests or the Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Thirty-six ponies completed the study. Six ponies enrolled were excluded due to cryptorchidism or surgical complications that required deviation from the anaesthetic protocol. There were no differences in timing of events recorded, number of ponies requiring top-up ketamine, timing and frequency of top-ups or total ketamine dose. Scores for anaesthetic and recovery qualities, and surgical conditions were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: Both induction doses of ketamine provided a similar duration of action and provided conditions suitable to anaesthetise ponies undergoing castration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8770169 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Faculty of Veterinary Medicine |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87701692022-01-21 Comparison of two doses of ketamine for induction of anaesthesia in ponies undergoing field castration Wise, Innes K. Klöppel, Heide Leece, Elizabeth A. Open Vet J Original Research BACKGROUND: Ketamine-based total intravenous anaesthesia techniques are commonly used in equine practice for ponies requiring short procedures such as castration in field conditions. When a longer duration of recumbency than provided by the initial dose of anaesthetic agents is required, administration of supplementary ‘top-up’ doses of anaesthetic agents is required. Ideally, a single dose of anaesthetic agents would reliably achieve a longer duration of action whilst maintaining adequate anaesthetic, surgical and recovery qualities. AIM: This prospective, randomised and blinded study aimed to compare the UK-licensed induction dose of ketamine with an increased dose in ponies undergoing castration in field conditions. The hypothesis was that an increased dose would produce a longer duration of action without negatively affecting qualities of anaesthesia, surgical conditions and recovery. METHODS: Ponies were randomly allocated to receive ketamine at either 2.2 mg kg(-1) (K2.2) or 3 mg kg(-1) (K3) combined with diazepam 20 μg kg(-1) following pre-anaesthetic medication with romifidine and butorphanol. Quality of anaesthesia, surgery and recovery were scored using simple descriptive scales (SDS) and timings of key events recorded. Top-up doses of ketamine 0.5 mg kg(-1) were administered if anaesthesia was inadequate during surgery. Time of top-up doses and total ketamine doses were recorded. Data were analysed using Student t-tests or the Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Thirty-six ponies completed the study. Six ponies enrolled were excluded due to cryptorchidism or surgical complications that required deviation from the anaesthetic protocol. There were no differences in timing of events recorded, number of ponies requiring top-up ketamine, timing and frequency of top-ups or total ketamine dose. Scores for anaesthetic and recovery qualities, and surgical conditions were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: Both induction doses of ketamine provided a similar duration of action and provided conditions suitable to anaesthetise ponies undergoing castration. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 2021 2021-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8770169/ /pubmed/35070872 http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.27 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Wise, Innes K. Klöppel, Heide Leece, Elizabeth A. Comparison of two doses of ketamine for induction of anaesthesia in ponies undergoing field castration |
title | Comparison of two doses of ketamine for induction of anaesthesia in ponies undergoing field castration |
title_full | Comparison of two doses of ketamine for induction of anaesthesia in ponies undergoing field castration |
title_fullStr | Comparison of two doses of ketamine for induction of anaesthesia in ponies undergoing field castration |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of two doses of ketamine for induction of anaesthesia in ponies undergoing field castration |
title_short | Comparison of two doses of ketamine for induction of anaesthesia in ponies undergoing field castration |
title_sort | comparison of two doses of ketamine for induction of anaesthesia in ponies undergoing field castration |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8770169/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35070872 http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.27 |
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