A new detection model of microaneurysms based on improved FC-DenseNet

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a frequent vascular complication of diabetes mellitus and remains a leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Microaneurysm (MA) is usually the first symptom of DR that leads to blood leakage in the retina. Periodic detection of MAs will facilitate early detection of DR and reduction of vision injury. In this study, we proposed a novel model for the detection of MAs in fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) images based on the improved FC-DenseNet, MAs-FC-DenseNet. FFA images were pre-processed by the Histogram Stretching and Gaussian Filtering algorithm to improve the quality of FFA images. Then, MA regions were detected by the improved FC-DenseNet. MAs-FC-DenseNet was compared against other FC-DenseNet models (FC-DenseNet56 and FC-DenseNet67) or the end-to-end models (DeeplabV3+ and PSPNet) to evaluate the detection performance of MAs. The result suggested that MAs-FC-DenseNet had higher values of evaluation metrics than other models, including pixel accuracy (PA), mean pixel accuracy (MPA), precision (Pre), recall (Re), F1-score (F1), and mean intersection over union (MIoU). Moreover, MA detection performance for MAs-FC-DenseNet was very close to the ground truth. Taken together, MAs-FC-DenseNet is a reliable model for rapid and accurate detection of MAs, which would be used for mass screening of DR patients.