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Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A state-of-the-art review

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often coexists with a wide spectrum of dysglycemic conditions, ranging from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), which occur to a greater extent compared to healthy body mass index-matched women. This concurrence of disorders is mainly attrib...

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Autores principales: Livadas, Sarantis, Anagnostis, Panagiotis, Bosdou, Julia K, Bantouna, Dimitra, Paparodis, Rodis
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8771268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35070056
http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v13.i1.5
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author Livadas, Sarantis
Anagnostis, Panagiotis
Bosdou, Julia K
Bantouna, Dimitra
Paparodis, Rodis
author_facet Livadas, Sarantis
Anagnostis, Panagiotis
Bosdou, Julia K
Bantouna, Dimitra
Paparodis, Rodis
author_sort Livadas, Sarantis
collection PubMed
description Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often coexists with a wide spectrum of dysglycemic conditions, ranging from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), which occur to a greater extent compared to healthy body mass index-matched women. This concurrence of disorders is mainly attributed to common pathogenetic pathways linking the two entities, such as insulin resistance. However, due to methodological flaws in the available studies and the multifaceted nature of the syndrome, there has been substantial controversy as to the exact association between T2D and PCOS which has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this review is to present the best available evidence regarding the epidemiology of dysglycemia in PCOS, the unique pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the progression of dysglycemia, the most appropriate methods for assessing glycemic status and the risk factors for T2D development in this population, as well as T2D risk after transition to menopause. Proposals for application of a holistic approach to enable optimal management of T2D risk in PCOS are also provided. Specifically, adoption of a healthy lifestyle with adherence to improved dietary patterns, such the Mediterranean diet, avoidance of consumption of endocrine-disrupting foods and beverages, regular exercise, and the effect of certain medications, such as metformin and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, are discussed. Furthermore, the maintenance of a healthy weight is highlighted as a key factor in achievement of a significant reduction of T2D risk in women with PCOS.
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spelling pubmed-87712682022-01-20 Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A state-of-the-art review Livadas, Sarantis Anagnostis, Panagiotis Bosdou, Julia K Bantouna, Dimitra Paparodis, Rodis World J Diabetes Review Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often coexists with a wide spectrum of dysglycemic conditions, ranging from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), which occur to a greater extent compared to healthy body mass index-matched women. This concurrence of disorders is mainly attributed to common pathogenetic pathways linking the two entities, such as insulin resistance. However, due to methodological flaws in the available studies and the multifaceted nature of the syndrome, there has been substantial controversy as to the exact association between T2D and PCOS which has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this review is to present the best available evidence regarding the epidemiology of dysglycemia in PCOS, the unique pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the progression of dysglycemia, the most appropriate methods for assessing glycemic status and the risk factors for T2D development in this population, as well as T2D risk after transition to menopause. Proposals for application of a holistic approach to enable optimal management of T2D risk in PCOS are also provided. Specifically, adoption of a healthy lifestyle with adherence to improved dietary patterns, such the Mediterranean diet, avoidance of consumption of endocrine-disrupting foods and beverages, regular exercise, and the effect of certain medications, such as metformin and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, are discussed. Furthermore, the maintenance of a healthy weight is highlighted as a key factor in achievement of a significant reduction of T2D risk in women with PCOS. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2022-01-15 2022-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8771268/ /pubmed/35070056 http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v13.i1.5 Text en ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
spellingShingle Review
Livadas, Sarantis
Anagnostis, Panagiotis
Bosdou, Julia K
Bantouna, Dimitra
Paparodis, Rodis
Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A state-of-the-art review
title Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A state-of-the-art review
title_full Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A state-of-the-art review
title_fullStr Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A state-of-the-art review
title_full_unstemmed Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A state-of-the-art review
title_short Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A state-of-the-art review
title_sort polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a state-of-the-art review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8771268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35070056
http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v13.i1.5
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