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Analysis of regional differences in the amount of hypnotic and anxiolytic prescriptions in Japan using nationwide claims data
BACKGROUND: In Japan, there has been no investigation of regional differences in the number or amount of prescriptions of anxiolytics or hypnotics. Attributes related to the high amount of prescriptions for these drugs are unknown. We investigated recent trends and regional differences in the amount...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8772209/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35045851 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03657-6 |
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author | Okui, Tasuku Park, Jinsang |
author_facet | Okui, Tasuku Park, Jinsang |
author_sort | Okui, Tasuku |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: In Japan, there has been no investigation of regional differences in the number or amount of prescriptions of anxiolytics or hypnotics. Attributes related to the high amount of prescriptions for these drugs are unknown. We investigated recent trends and regional differences in the amount of prescriptions of hypnotics and anxiolytics in Japan and identified factors associated with these regional differences. METHODS: The National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) Open data from 2015 to 2018 were used. We calculated diazepam-equivalent doses (mg) for each drug and the total amount of prescriptions per capita for hypnotics and anxiolytics by sex and age. In addition, we calculated the standardized claim ratio (SCR) of the amount of prescriptions by prefecture. We investigated factors associated with regional differences in the SCRs of hypnotics and anxiolytics using the prefectures’ medical, socioeconomic, and physical characteristics by an ecological study using a linear mixed-effects model. RESULTS: The amount of prescriptions of hypnotics and anxiolytics, specifically, the amount of prescriptions of benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRAs), decreased in many of the adult age groups from 2015 to 2018. The regression analysis revealed that the number of medical clinics per capita, the number of public assistance recipients per capita, the proportion of persons whose HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, and the proportion of persons whose BMI ≥25 kg/m(2) were positively and significantly associated with the SCR of hypnosis. In contrast, the number of public assistance recipients per capita and the proportion of persons whose BMI ≥25 kg/m(2) were positively and significantly associated with the SCR of anxiolytics. CONCLUSIONS: Factors associated with prescription amount of hypnotics and anxiolytics were revealed in this study, and a further study is needed for investigating causal relationships between the prescriptions amount and the associated factors using individual data. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8772209 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87722092022-01-20 Analysis of regional differences in the amount of hypnotic and anxiolytic prescriptions in Japan using nationwide claims data Okui, Tasuku Park, Jinsang BMC Psychiatry Research BACKGROUND: In Japan, there has been no investigation of regional differences in the number or amount of prescriptions of anxiolytics or hypnotics. Attributes related to the high amount of prescriptions for these drugs are unknown. We investigated recent trends and regional differences in the amount of prescriptions of hypnotics and anxiolytics in Japan and identified factors associated with these regional differences. METHODS: The National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) Open data from 2015 to 2018 were used. We calculated diazepam-equivalent doses (mg) for each drug and the total amount of prescriptions per capita for hypnotics and anxiolytics by sex and age. In addition, we calculated the standardized claim ratio (SCR) of the amount of prescriptions by prefecture. We investigated factors associated with regional differences in the SCRs of hypnotics and anxiolytics using the prefectures’ medical, socioeconomic, and physical characteristics by an ecological study using a linear mixed-effects model. RESULTS: The amount of prescriptions of hypnotics and anxiolytics, specifically, the amount of prescriptions of benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRAs), decreased in many of the adult age groups from 2015 to 2018. The regression analysis revealed that the number of medical clinics per capita, the number of public assistance recipients per capita, the proportion of persons whose HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, and the proportion of persons whose BMI ≥25 kg/m(2) were positively and significantly associated with the SCR of hypnosis. In contrast, the number of public assistance recipients per capita and the proportion of persons whose BMI ≥25 kg/m(2) were positively and significantly associated with the SCR of anxiolytics. CONCLUSIONS: Factors associated with prescription amount of hypnotics and anxiolytics were revealed in this study, and a further study is needed for investigating causal relationships between the prescriptions amount and the associated factors using individual data. BioMed Central 2022-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8772209/ /pubmed/35045851 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03657-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Okui, Tasuku Park, Jinsang Analysis of regional differences in the amount of hypnotic and anxiolytic prescriptions in Japan using nationwide claims data |
title | Analysis of regional differences in the amount of hypnotic and anxiolytic prescriptions in Japan using nationwide claims data |
title_full | Analysis of regional differences in the amount of hypnotic and anxiolytic prescriptions in Japan using nationwide claims data |
title_fullStr | Analysis of regional differences in the amount of hypnotic and anxiolytic prescriptions in Japan using nationwide claims data |
title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of regional differences in the amount of hypnotic and anxiolytic prescriptions in Japan using nationwide claims data |
title_short | Analysis of regional differences in the amount of hypnotic and anxiolytic prescriptions in Japan using nationwide claims data |
title_sort | analysis of regional differences in the amount of hypnotic and anxiolytic prescriptions in japan using nationwide claims data |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8772209/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35045851 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03657-6 |
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