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Concerted and Independent Evolution of Control Regions 1 and 2 of Water Monitor Lizards (Varanus salvator macromaculatus) and Different Phylogenetic Informative Markers
SIMPLE SUMMARY: The evolutionary patterns and phylogenetic utility of duplicate control regions (CRs) in 72 individuals of Varanus salvator macromaculatus and other varanids have been observed. Divergence of the two CRs from each individual revealed a pattern of independent evolution in CRs of varan...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8772547/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35049770 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12020148 |
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author | Thapana, Watcharaporn Ariyaraphong, Nattakan Wongtienchai, Parinya Laopichienpong, Nararat Singchat, Worapong Panthum, Thitipong Ahmad, Syed Farhan Kraichak, Ekaphan Muangmai, Narongrit Duengkae, Prateep Srikulnath, Kornsorn |
author_facet | Thapana, Watcharaporn Ariyaraphong, Nattakan Wongtienchai, Parinya Laopichienpong, Nararat Singchat, Worapong Panthum, Thitipong Ahmad, Syed Farhan Kraichak, Ekaphan Muangmai, Narongrit Duengkae, Prateep Srikulnath, Kornsorn |
author_sort | Thapana, Watcharaporn |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: The evolutionary patterns and phylogenetic utility of duplicate control regions (CRs) in 72 individuals of Varanus salvator macromaculatus and other varanids have been observed. Divergence of the two CRs from each individual revealed a pattern of independent evolution in CRs of varanid lineage. This study is a first step towards developing new phylogenetic evolutionary models of the varanid lineage, with accurate evolutionary inferences to provide basic insights into the biology of mitogenomes. ABSTRACT: Duplicate control regions (CRs) have been observed in the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of most varanids. Duplicate CRs have evolved in either concerted or independent evolution in vertebrates, but whether an evolutionary pattern exists in varanids remains unknown. Therefore, we conducted this study to analyze the evolutionary patterns and phylogenetic utilities of duplicate CRs in 72 individuals of Varanus salvator macromaculatus and other varanids. Sequence analyses and phylogenetic relationships revealed that divergence between orthologous copies from different individuals was lower than in paralogous copies from the same individual, suggesting an independent evolution of the two CRs. Distinct trees and recombination testing derived from CR1 and CR2 suggested that recombination events occurred between CRs during the evolutionary process. A comparison of substitution saturation showed the potential of CR2 as a phylogenetic marker. By contrast, duplicate CRs of the four examined varanids had similar sequences within species, suggesting typical characteristics of concerted evolution. The results provide a better understanding of the molecular evolutionary processes related to the mitogenomes of the varanid lineage. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8772547 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87725472022-01-21 Concerted and Independent Evolution of Control Regions 1 and 2 of Water Monitor Lizards (Varanus salvator macromaculatus) and Different Phylogenetic Informative Markers Thapana, Watcharaporn Ariyaraphong, Nattakan Wongtienchai, Parinya Laopichienpong, Nararat Singchat, Worapong Panthum, Thitipong Ahmad, Syed Farhan Kraichak, Ekaphan Muangmai, Narongrit Duengkae, Prateep Srikulnath, Kornsorn Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: The evolutionary patterns and phylogenetic utility of duplicate control regions (CRs) in 72 individuals of Varanus salvator macromaculatus and other varanids have been observed. Divergence of the two CRs from each individual revealed a pattern of independent evolution in CRs of varanid lineage. This study is a first step towards developing new phylogenetic evolutionary models of the varanid lineage, with accurate evolutionary inferences to provide basic insights into the biology of mitogenomes. ABSTRACT: Duplicate control regions (CRs) have been observed in the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of most varanids. Duplicate CRs have evolved in either concerted or independent evolution in vertebrates, but whether an evolutionary pattern exists in varanids remains unknown. Therefore, we conducted this study to analyze the evolutionary patterns and phylogenetic utilities of duplicate CRs in 72 individuals of Varanus salvator macromaculatus and other varanids. Sequence analyses and phylogenetic relationships revealed that divergence between orthologous copies from different individuals was lower than in paralogous copies from the same individual, suggesting an independent evolution of the two CRs. Distinct trees and recombination testing derived from CR1 and CR2 suggested that recombination events occurred between CRs during the evolutionary process. A comparison of substitution saturation showed the potential of CR2 as a phylogenetic marker. By contrast, duplicate CRs of the four examined varanids had similar sequences within species, suggesting typical characteristics of concerted evolution. The results provide a better understanding of the molecular evolutionary processes related to the mitogenomes of the varanid lineage. MDPI 2022-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8772547/ /pubmed/35049770 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12020148 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Thapana, Watcharaporn Ariyaraphong, Nattakan Wongtienchai, Parinya Laopichienpong, Nararat Singchat, Worapong Panthum, Thitipong Ahmad, Syed Farhan Kraichak, Ekaphan Muangmai, Narongrit Duengkae, Prateep Srikulnath, Kornsorn Concerted and Independent Evolution of Control Regions 1 and 2 of Water Monitor Lizards (Varanus salvator macromaculatus) and Different Phylogenetic Informative Markers |
title | Concerted and Independent Evolution of Control Regions 1 and 2 of Water Monitor Lizards (Varanus salvator macromaculatus) and Different Phylogenetic Informative Markers |
title_full | Concerted and Independent Evolution of Control Regions 1 and 2 of Water Monitor Lizards (Varanus salvator macromaculatus) and Different Phylogenetic Informative Markers |
title_fullStr | Concerted and Independent Evolution of Control Regions 1 and 2 of Water Monitor Lizards (Varanus salvator macromaculatus) and Different Phylogenetic Informative Markers |
title_full_unstemmed | Concerted and Independent Evolution of Control Regions 1 and 2 of Water Monitor Lizards (Varanus salvator macromaculatus) and Different Phylogenetic Informative Markers |
title_short | Concerted and Independent Evolution of Control Regions 1 and 2 of Water Monitor Lizards (Varanus salvator macromaculatus) and Different Phylogenetic Informative Markers |
title_sort | concerted and independent evolution of control regions 1 and 2 of water monitor lizards (varanus salvator macromaculatus) and different phylogenetic informative markers |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8772547/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35049770 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12020148 |
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