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Effects of Green Light on Elongation Do Not Interact with Far-Red, Unless the Phytochrome Photostationary State (PSS) Changes in Tomato

SIMPLE SUMMARY: This paper focuses on the role of phytochromes (phys) in the interaction between green light and far-red light effects on “shade avoidance syndrome”. We grew wild type and phy mutants of tomato under a set of light conditions with different combinations of green, blue, red, and far-r...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Xue, Heuvelink, Ep, Melegkou, Michaela, Yuan, Xin, Jiang, Weijie, Marcelis, Leo F. M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8773434/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35053149
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11010151
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author Zhang, Xue
Heuvelink, Ep
Melegkou, Michaela
Yuan, Xin
Jiang, Weijie
Marcelis, Leo F. M.
author_facet Zhang, Xue
Heuvelink, Ep
Melegkou, Michaela
Yuan, Xin
Jiang, Weijie
Marcelis, Leo F. M.
author_sort Zhang, Xue
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: This paper focuses on the role of phytochromes (phys) in the interaction between green light and far-red light effects on “shade avoidance syndrome”. We grew wild type and phy mutants of tomato under a set of light conditions with different combinations of green, blue, red, and far-red light. Partial (20%) replacement of red/blue by green light in the absence of far-red light hardly affected the tomato plant morphology. However, when the spectrum contained far-red light, partially replacing red/blue by green light resulted in more elongation, which was associated with a lower phytochrome photostationary state (PSS) value. There was no effect of partial substitution of red/blue with green light when the PSS was kept constant. Thus, this study has revealed an interaction between green and far-red light effects on elongation unless PSS was kept constant. Green light was often a bit neglected in photobiology, but now an increasing number of researchers are realizing that green light deserves more attention. This study advances the understanding of light quality and plant growth and finding the optimal spectrum when growing plants under LED lighting in controlled environment agriculture. ABSTRACT: Green light (G) could trigger a “shade avoidance syndrome” (SAS) similarly to far-red light. We aimed to test the hypothesis that G interacts with far-red light to induce SAS, with this interaction mediated by phytochromes (phys). The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Moneymaker) wild-type (WT) and phyA, phyB1B2, and phyAB1B2 mutants were grown in a climate room with or without 30 µmol m(−2) s(−1) G on red/blue and red/blue/far-red backgrounds, maintaining the same photosynthetically active radiation (400–700 nm) of 150 µmol m(−2) s(−1) and red/blue ratio of 3. G hardly affected the dry mass accumulation or leaf area of WT, phyA, and phyB1B2 with or without far-red light. A lower phytochrome photostationary state (PSS) by adding far-red light significantly increased the total dry mass by enhancing the leaf area in WT plants but not in phy mutants. When the background light did not contain far-red light, partially replacing red/blue with G did not significantly affect stem elongation. However, when the background light contained far-red light, partially replacing red/blue with G enhanced elongation only when associated with a decrease in PSS, indicating that G interacts with far-red light on elongation only when the PSS changes.
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spelling pubmed-87734342022-01-21 Effects of Green Light on Elongation Do Not Interact with Far-Red, Unless the Phytochrome Photostationary State (PSS) Changes in Tomato Zhang, Xue Heuvelink, Ep Melegkou, Michaela Yuan, Xin Jiang, Weijie Marcelis, Leo F. M. Biology (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: This paper focuses on the role of phytochromes (phys) in the interaction between green light and far-red light effects on “shade avoidance syndrome”. We grew wild type and phy mutants of tomato under a set of light conditions with different combinations of green, blue, red, and far-red light. Partial (20%) replacement of red/blue by green light in the absence of far-red light hardly affected the tomato plant morphology. However, when the spectrum contained far-red light, partially replacing red/blue by green light resulted in more elongation, which was associated with a lower phytochrome photostationary state (PSS) value. There was no effect of partial substitution of red/blue with green light when the PSS was kept constant. Thus, this study has revealed an interaction between green and far-red light effects on elongation unless PSS was kept constant. Green light was often a bit neglected in photobiology, but now an increasing number of researchers are realizing that green light deserves more attention. This study advances the understanding of light quality and plant growth and finding the optimal spectrum when growing plants under LED lighting in controlled environment agriculture. ABSTRACT: Green light (G) could trigger a “shade avoidance syndrome” (SAS) similarly to far-red light. We aimed to test the hypothesis that G interacts with far-red light to induce SAS, with this interaction mediated by phytochromes (phys). The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Moneymaker) wild-type (WT) and phyA, phyB1B2, and phyAB1B2 mutants were grown in a climate room with or without 30 µmol m(−2) s(−1) G on red/blue and red/blue/far-red backgrounds, maintaining the same photosynthetically active radiation (400–700 nm) of 150 µmol m(−2) s(−1) and red/blue ratio of 3. G hardly affected the dry mass accumulation or leaf area of WT, phyA, and phyB1B2 with or without far-red light. A lower phytochrome photostationary state (PSS) by adding far-red light significantly increased the total dry mass by enhancing the leaf area in WT plants but not in phy mutants. When the background light did not contain far-red light, partially replacing red/blue with G did not significantly affect stem elongation. However, when the background light contained far-red light, partially replacing red/blue with G enhanced elongation only when associated with a decrease in PSS, indicating that G interacts with far-red light on elongation only when the PSS changes. MDPI 2022-01-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8773434/ /pubmed/35053149 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11010151 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zhang, Xue
Heuvelink, Ep
Melegkou, Michaela
Yuan, Xin
Jiang, Weijie
Marcelis, Leo F. M.
Effects of Green Light on Elongation Do Not Interact with Far-Red, Unless the Phytochrome Photostationary State (PSS) Changes in Tomato
title Effects of Green Light on Elongation Do Not Interact with Far-Red, Unless the Phytochrome Photostationary State (PSS) Changes in Tomato
title_full Effects of Green Light on Elongation Do Not Interact with Far-Red, Unless the Phytochrome Photostationary State (PSS) Changes in Tomato
title_fullStr Effects of Green Light on Elongation Do Not Interact with Far-Red, Unless the Phytochrome Photostationary State (PSS) Changes in Tomato
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Green Light on Elongation Do Not Interact with Far-Red, Unless the Phytochrome Photostationary State (PSS) Changes in Tomato
title_short Effects of Green Light on Elongation Do Not Interact with Far-Red, Unless the Phytochrome Photostationary State (PSS) Changes in Tomato
title_sort effects of green light on elongation do not interact with far-red, unless the phytochrome photostationary state (pss) changes in tomato
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8773434/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35053149
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11010151
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