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Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders

A large body of research attributes learning deficits in schizophrenia (SZ) to the systems involved in value representation (prefrontal cortex, PFC) and reinforcement learning (basal ganglia, BG) as well as to the compromised connectivity of these regions. In this study, we employed learning tasks h...

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Autores principales: Frydecka, Dorota, Piotrowski, Patryk, Bielawski, Tomasz, Pawlak, Edyta, Kłosińska, Ewa, Krefft, Maja, Al Noaimy, Kamila, Rymaszewska, Joanna, Moustafa, Ahmed A., Drapała, Jarosław, Misiak, Błażej
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8773670/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35053833
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12010090
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author Frydecka, Dorota
Piotrowski, Patryk
Bielawski, Tomasz
Pawlak, Edyta
Kłosińska, Ewa
Krefft, Maja
Al Noaimy, Kamila
Rymaszewska, Joanna
Moustafa, Ahmed A.
Drapała, Jarosław
Misiak, Błażej
author_facet Frydecka, Dorota
Piotrowski, Patryk
Bielawski, Tomasz
Pawlak, Edyta
Kłosińska, Ewa
Krefft, Maja
Al Noaimy, Kamila
Rymaszewska, Joanna
Moustafa, Ahmed A.
Drapała, Jarosław
Misiak, Błażej
author_sort Frydecka, Dorota
collection PubMed
description A large body of research attributes learning deficits in schizophrenia (SZ) to the systems involved in value representation (prefrontal cortex, PFC) and reinforcement learning (basal ganglia, BG) as well as to the compromised connectivity of these regions. In this study, we employed learning tasks hypothesized to probe the function and interaction of the PFC and BG in patients with SZ-spectrum disorders in comparison to healthy control (HC) subjects. In the Instructed Probabilistic Selection task (IPST), participants received false instruction about one of the stimuli used in the course of probabilistic learning which creates confirmation bias, whereby the instructed stimulus is overvalued in comparison to its real experienced value. The IPST was administered to 102 patients with SZ and 120 HC subjects. We have shown that SZ patients and HC subjects were equally influenced by false instruction in reinforcement learning (RL) probabilistic task (IPST) (p-value = 0.441); however, HC subjects had significantly higher learning rates associated with the process of overcoming cognitive bias in comparison to SZ patients (p-value = 0.018). The behavioral results of our study could be hypothesized to provide further evidence for impairments in the SZ-BG circuitry; however, this should be verified by neurofunctional imaging studies.
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spelling pubmed-87736702022-01-21 Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders Frydecka, Dorota Piotrowski, Patryk Bielawski, Tomasz Pawlak, Edyta Kłosińska, Ewa Krefft, Maja Al Noaimy, Kamila Rymaszewska, Joanna Moustafa, Ahmed A. Drapała, Jarosław Misiak, Błażej Brain Sci Article A large body of research attributes learning deficits in schizophrenia (SZ) to the systems involved in value representation (prefrontal cortex, PFC) and reinforcement learning (basal ganglia, BG) as well as to the compromised connectivity of these regions. In this study, we employed learning tasks hypothesized to probe the function and interaction of the PFC and BG in patients with SZ-spectrum disorders in comparison to healthy control (HC) subjects. In the Instructed Probabilistic Selection task (IPST), participants received false instruction about one of the stimuli used in the course of probabilistic learning which creates confirmation bias, whereby the instructed stimulus is overvalued in comparison to its real experienced value. The IPST was administered to 102 patients with SZ and 120 HC subjects. We have shown that SZ patients and HC subjects were equally influenced by false instruction in reinforcement learning (RL) probabilistic task (IPST) (p-value = 0.441); however, HC subjects had significantly higher learning rates associated with the process of overcoming cognitive bias in comparison to SZ patients (p-value = 0.018). The behavioral results of our study could be hypothesized to provide further evidence for impairments in the SZ-BG circuitry; however, this should be verified by neurofunctional imaging studies. MDPI 2022-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8773670/ /pubmed/35053833 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12010090 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Frydecka, Dorota
Piotrowski, Patryk
Bielawski, Tomasz
Pawlak, Edyta
Kłosińska, Ewa
Krefft, Maja
Al Noaimy, Kamila
Rymaszewska, Joanna
Moustafa, Ahmed A.
Drapała, Jarosław
Misiak, Błażej
Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders
title Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders
title_full Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders
title_fullStr Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders
title_full_unstemmed Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders
title_short Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders
title_sort confirmation bias in the course of instructed reinforcement learning in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8773670/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35053833
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12010090
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