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Lymphatic Endothelial Markers and Tumor Lymphangiogenesis Assessment in Human Breast Cancer

Metastasis via lymphatic vessels or blood vessels is the leading cause of death for breast cancer, and lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis are critical prerequisites for the tumor invasion–metastasis cascade. The research progress for tumor lymphangiogenesis has tended to lag behind that for angiogen...

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Autores principales: Chen, Jia-Mei, Luo, Bo, Ma, Ru, Luo, Xi-Xi, Chen, Yong-Shun, Li, Yan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8774380/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35054174
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010004
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author Chen, Jia-Mei
Luo, Bo
Ma, Ru
Luo, Xi-Xi
Chen, Yong-Shun
Li, Yan
author_facet Chen, Jia-Mei
Luo, Bo
Ma, Ru
Luo, Xi-Xi
Chen, Yong-Shun
Li, Yan
author_sort Chen, Jia-Mei
collection PubMed
description Metastasis via lymphatic vessels or blood vessels is the leading cause of death for breast cancer, and lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis are critical prerequisites for the tumor invasion–metastasis cascade. The research progress for tumor lymphangiogenesis has tended to lag behind that for angiogenesis due to the lack of specific markers. With the discovery of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) markers, growing evidence demonstrates that the LEC plays an active role in lymphatic formation and remodeling, tumor cell growth, invasion and intravasation, tumor–microenvironment remodeling, and antitumor immunity. However, some studies have drawn controversial conclusions due to the variation in the LEC markers and lymphangiogenesis assessments used. In this study, we review recent findings on tumor lymphangiogenesis, the most commonly used LEC markers, and parameters for lymphangiogenesis assessments, such as the lymphatic vessel density and lymphatic vessel invasion in human breast cancer. An in-depth understanding of tumor lymphangiogenesis and LEC markers can help to illustrate the mechanisms and distinct roles of lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer progression, which will help in exploring novel potential predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
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spelling pubmed-87743802022-01-21 Lymphatic Endothelial Markers and Tumor Lymphangiogenesis Assessment in Human Breast Cancer Chen, Jia-Mei Luo, Bo Ma, Ru Luo, Xi-Xi Chen, Yong-Shun Li, Yan Diagnostics (Basel) Review Metastasis via lymphatic vessels or blood vessels is the leading cause of death for breast cancer, and lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis are critical prerequisites for the tumor invasion–metastasis cascade. The research progress for tumor lymphangiogenesis has tended to lag behind that for angiogenesis due to the lack of specific markers. With the discovery of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) markers, growing evidence demonstrates that the LEC plays an active role in lymphatic formation and remodeling, tumor cell growth, invasion and intravasation, tumor–microenvironment remodeling, and antitumor immunity. However, some studies have drawn controversial conclusions due to the variation in the LEC markers and lymphangiogenesis assessments used. In this study, we review recent findings on tumor lymphangiogenesis, the most commonly used LEC markers, and parameters for lymphangiogenesis assessments, such as the lymphatic vessel density and lymphatic vessel invasion in human breast cancer. An in-depth understanding of tumor lymphangiogenesis and LEC markers can help to illustrate the mechanisms and distinct roles of lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer progression, which will help in exploring novel potential predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer. MDPI 2021-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8774380/ /pubmed/35054174 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010004 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Chen, Jia-Mei
Luo, Bo
Ma, Ru
Luo, Xi-Xi
Chen, Yong-Shun
Li, Yan
Lymphatic Endothelial Markers and Tumor Lymphangiogenesis Assessment in Human Breast Cancer
title Lymphatic Endothelial Markers and Tumor Lymphangiogenesis Assessment in Human Breast Cancer
title_full Lymphatic Endothelial Markers and Tumor Lymphangiogenesis Assessment in Human Breast Cancer
title_fullStr Lymphatic Endothelial Markers and Tumor Lymphangiogenesis Assessment in Human Breast Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Lymphatic Endothelial Markers and Tumor Lymphangiogenesis Assessment in Human Breast Cancer
title_short Lymphatic Endothelial Markers and Tumor Lymphangiogenesis Assessment in Human Breast Cancer
title_sort lymphatic endothelial markers and tumor lymphangiogenesis assessment in human breast cancer
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8774380/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35054174
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010004
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