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Soft-Tissue-Mimicking Using Hydrogels for the Development of Phantoms

With the currently available materials and technologies it is difficult to mimic the mechanical properties of soft living tissues. Additionally, another significant problem is the lack of information about the mechanical properties of these tissues. Alternatively, the use of phantoms offers a promis...

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Autores principales: Tejo-Otero, Aitor, Fenollosa-Artés, Felip, Achaerandio, Isabel, Rey-Vinolas, Sergi, Buj-Corral, Irene, Mateos-Timoneda, Miguel Ángel, Engel, Elisabeth
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8774477/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35049575
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8010040
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author Tejo-Otero, Aitor
Fenollosa-Artés, Felip
Achaerandio, Isabel
Rey-Vinolas, Sergi
Buj-Corral, Irene
Mateos-Timoneda, Miguel Ángel
Engel, Elisabeth
author_facet Tejo-Otero, Aitor
Fenollosa-Artés, Felip
Achaerandio, Isabel
Rey-Vinolas, Sergi
Buj-Corral, Irene
Mateos-Timoneda, Miguel Ángel
Engel, Elisabeth
author_sort Tejo-Otero, Aitor
collection PubMed
description With the currently available materials and technologies it is difficult to mimic the mechanical properties of soft living tissues. Additionally, another significant problem is the lack of information about the mechanical properties of these tissues. Alternatively, the use of phantoms offers a promising solution to simulate biological bodies. For this reason, to advance in the state-of-the-art a wide range of organs (e.g., liver, heart, kidney as well as brain) and hydrogels (e.g., agarose, polyvinyl alcohol –PVA–, Phytagel –PHY– and methacrylate gelatine –GelMA–) were tested regarding their mechanical properties. For that, viscoelastic behavior, hardness, as well as a non-linear elastic mechanical response were measured. It was seen that there was a significant difference among the results for the different mentioned soft tissues. Some of them appear to be more elastic than viscous as well as being softer or harder. With all this information in mind, a correlation between the mechanical properties of the organs and the different materials was performed. The next conclusions were drawn: (1) to mimic the liver, the best material is 1% wt agarose; (2) to mimic the heart, the best material is 2% wt agarose; (3) to mimic the kidney, the best material is 4% wt GelMA; and (4) to mimic the brain, the best materials are 4% wt GelMA and 1% wt agarose. Neither PVA nor PHY was selected to mimic any of the studied tissues.
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spelling pubmed-87744772022-01-21 Soft-Tissue-Mimicking Using Hydrogels for the Development of Phantoms Tejo-Otero, Aitor Fenollosa-Artés, Felip Achaerandio, Isabel Rey-Vinolas, Sergi Buj-Corral, Irene Mateos-Timoneda, Miguel Ángel Engel, Elisabeth Gels Article With the currently available materials and technologies it is difficult to mimic the mechanical properties of soft living tissues. Additionally, another significant problem is the lack of information about the mechanical properties of these tissues. Alternatively, the use of phantoms offers a promising solution to simulate biological bodies. For this reason, to advance in the state-of-the-art a wide range of organs (e.g., liver, heart, kidney as well as brain) and hydrogels (e.g., agarose, polyvinyl alcohol –PVA–, Phytagel –PHY– and methacrylate gelatine –GelMA–) were tested regarding their mechanical properties. For that, viscoelastic behavior, hardness, as well as a non-linear elastic mechanical response were measured. It was seen that there was a significant difference among the results for the different mentioned soft tissues. Some of them appear to be more elastic than viscous as well as being softer or harder. With all this information in mind, a correlation between the mechanical properties of the organs and the different materials was performed. The next conclusions were drawn: (1) to mimic the liver, the best material is 1% wt agarose; (2) to mimic the heart, the best material is 2% wt agarose; (3) to mimic the kidney, the best material is 4% wt GelMA; and (4) to mimic the brain, the best materials are 4% wt GelMA and 1% wt agarose. Neither PVA nor PHY was selected to mimic any of the studied tissues. MDPI 2022-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8774477/ /pubmed/35049575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8010040 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Tejo-Otero, Aitor
Fenollosa-Artés, Felip
Achaerandio, Isabel
Rey-Vinolas, Sergi
Buj-Corral, Irene
Mateos-Timoneda, Miguel Ángel
Engel, Elisabeth
Soft-Tissue-Mimicking Using Hydrogels for the Development of Phantoms
title Soft-Tissue-Mimicking Using Hydrogels for the Development of Phantoms
title_full Soft-Tissue-Mimicking Using Hydrogels for the Development of Phantoms
title_fullStr Soft-Tissue-Mimicking Using Hydrogels for the Development of Phantoms
title_full_unstemmed Soft-Tissue-Mimicking Using Hydrogels for the Development of Phantoms
title_short Soft-Tissue-Mimicking Using Hydrogels for the Development of Phantoms
title_sort soft-tissue-mimicking using hydrogels for the development of phantoms
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8774477/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35049575
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8010040
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