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Evaluation of Methods to Minimize Pain in Newborns during Capillary Blood Sampling for Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the severity of pain experienced by a newborn during a heel puncture for screening using the Newborn Pain Scale (NIPS), measure the heart rate and compare the effectiveness of non-pharmacological methods of pain control. Design: Randomized clinical trial. No e...

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Autores principales: Napiórkowska-Orkisz, Magdalena, Gutysz-Wojnicka, Aleksandra, Tanajewska, Mariola, Sadowska-Krawczenko, Iwona
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8775482/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35055694
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020870
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author Napiórkowska-Orkisz, Magdalena
Gutysz-Wojnicka, Aleksandra
Tanajewska, Mariola
Sadowska-Krawczenko, Iwona
author_facet Napiórkowska-Orkisz, Magdalena
Gutysz-Wojnicka, Aleksandra
Tanajewska, Mariola
Sadowska-Krawczenko, Iwona
author_sort Napiórkowska-Orkisz, Magdalena
collection PubMed
description Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the severity of pain experienced by a newborn during a heel puncture for screening using the Newborn Pain Scale (NIPS), measure the heart rate and compare the effectiveness of non-pharmacological methods of pain control. Design: Randomized clinical trial. No experimental factors. The test was performed during routine screening. Surroundings: Provincial Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn. Patients/Participants: Pain was assessed in 90 full-term newborns. The newborns were rooming in with their mothers in the hospital. Interventions: Newborns were divided into three groups. Three different methods of pain relief were used: breastfeeding, 20% glucose administered orally and non-nutritional sucking. Main Outcome Measures: The primary pain outcome was measured using the NIPS and the secondary pain outcome measures (heart rate, oxygen saturation) were measured using a pulse oximeter. Results: During capillary blood sampling from the heel, most newborns, n = 56 (62.2%), experienced no pain or mild discomfort, severe pain occurred in n = 23 (25.6%) and moderate pain occurred in n = 11 (12.2%). No significant statistical differences were found between the degree of pain intensity and the intervention used to minimize the pain p = 0.24. Statistically significant relationships were demonstrated between heart rate variability and the degree of pain intensity (p = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between the newborn’s pain intensity and the mother’s opinion on the effectiveness of breastfeeding in minimizing pain. Conclusions: This study did not answer the question of which pain management method used during the heel prick was statistically more effective in reducing pain. However, the results indicate that each of the non-pharmacological interventions (breastfeeding, oral glucose dosing and non-nutritive sucking) applied during heel puncture resulted in effective pain management in most of the newborns enrolled in the study. The relationship between heart rate variability and the severity of pain was confirmed. Mothers of newborns in the breastfeeding group were satisfied with the pain relief methods used in the child and the opportunity to console their newborn during painful procedures in a technologically invasive environment.
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spelling pubmed-87754822022-01-21 Evaluation of Methods to Minimize Pain in Newborns during Capillary Blood Sampling for Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial Napiórkowska-Orkisz, Magdalena Gutysz-Wojnicka, Aleksandra Tanajewska, Mariola Sadowska-Krawczenko, Iwona Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the severity of pain experienced by a newborn during a heel puncture for screening using the Newborn Pain Scale (NIPS), measure the heart rate and compare the effectiveness of non-pharmacological methods of pain control. Design: Randomized clinical trial. No experimental factors. The test was performed during routine screening. Surroundings: Provincial Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn. Patients/Participants: Pain was assessed in 90 full-term newborns. The newborns were rooming in with their mothers in the hospital. Interventions: Newborns were divided into three groups. Three different methods of pain relief were used: breastfeeding, 20% glucose administered orally and non-nutritional sucking. Main Outcome Measures: The primary pain outcome was measured using the NIPS and the secondary pain outcome measures (heart rate, oxygen saturation) were measured using a pulse oximeter. Results: During capillary blood sampling from the heel, most newborns, n = 56 (62.2%), experienced no pain or mild discomfort, severe pain occurred in n = 23 (25.6%) and moderate pain occurred in n = 11 (12.2%). No significant statistical differences were found between the degree of pain intensity and the intervention used to minimize the pain p = 0.24. Statistically significant relationships were demonstrated between heart rate variability and the degree of pain intensity (p = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between the newborn’s pain intensity and the mother’s opinion on the effectiveness of breastfeeding in minimizing pain. Conclusions: This study did not answer the question of which pain management method used during the heel prick was statistically more effective in reducing pain. However, the results indicate that each of the non-pharmacological interventions (breastfeeding, oral glucose dosing and non-nutritive sucking) applied during heel puncture resulted in effective pain management in most of the newborns enrolled in the study. The relationship between heart rate variability and the severity of pain was confirmed. Mothers of newborns in the breastfeeding group were satisfied with the pain relief methods used in the child and the opportunity to console their newborn during painful procedures in a technologically invasive environment. MDPI 2022-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8775482/ /pubmed/35055694 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020870 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Napiórkowska-Orkisz, Magdalena
Gutysz-Wojnicka, Aleksandra
Tanajewska, Mariola
Sadowska-Krawczenko, Iwona
Evaluation of Methods to Minimize Pain in Newborns during Capillary Blood Sampling for Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial
title Evaluation of Methods to Minimize Pain in Newborns during Capillary Blood Sampling for Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial
title_full Evaluation of Methods to Minimize Pain in Newborns during Capillary Blood Sampling for Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial
title_fullStr Evaluation of Methods to Minimize Pain in Newborns during Capillary Blood Sampling for Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Methods to Minimize Pain in Newborns during Capillary Blood Sampling for Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial
title_short Evaluation of Methods to Minimize Pain in Newborns during Capillary Blood Sampling for Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial
title_sort evaluation of methods to minimize pain in newborns during capillary blood sampling for screening: a randomized clinical trial
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8775482/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35055694
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020870
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