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Developmental Formation of the GABAergic and Glycinergic Networks in the Mouse Spinal Cord
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine act as inhibitory neurotransmitters. Three types of inhibitory neurons and terminals, GABAergic, GABA/glycine coreleasing, and glycinergic, are orchestrated in the spinal cord neural circuits and play critical roles in regulating pain, locomotive movement,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8776010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35055019 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020834 |
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author | Shimizu-Okabe, Chigusa Kobayashi, Shiori Kim, Jeongtae Kosaka, Yoshinori Sunagawa, Masanobu Okabe, Akihito Takayama, Chitoshi |
author_facet | Shimizu-Okabe, Chigusa Kobayashi, Shiori Kim, Jeongtae Kosaka, Yoshinori Sunagawa, Masanobu Okabe, Akihito Takayama, Chitoshi |
author_sort | Shimizu-Okabe, Chigusa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine act as inhibitory neurotransmitters. Three types of inhibitory neurons and terminals, GABAergic, GABA/glycine coreleasing, and glycinergic, are orchestrated in the spinal cord neural circuits and play critical roles in regulating pain, locomotive movement, and respiratory rhythms. In this study, we first describe GABAergic and glycinergic transmission and inhibitory networks, consisting of three types of terminals in the mature mouse spinal cord. Second, we describe the developmental formation of GABAergic and glycinergic networks, with a specific focus on the differentiation of neurons, formation of synapses, maturation of removal systems, and changes in their action. GABAergic and glycinergic neurons are derived from the same domains of the ventricular zone. Initially, GABAergic neurons are differentiated, and their axons form synapses. Some of these neurons remain GABAergic in lamina I and II. Many GABAergic neurons convert to a coreleasing state. The coreleasing neurons and terminals remain in the dorsal horn, whereas many ultimately become glycinergic in the ventral horn. During the development of terminals and the transformation from radial glia to astrocytes, GABA and glycine receptor subunit compositions markedly change, removal systems mature, and GABAergic and glycinergic action shifts from excitatory to inhibitory. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8776010 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87760102022-01-21 Developmental Formation of the GABAergic and Glycinergic Networks in the Mouse Spinal Cord Shimizu-Okabe, Chigusa Kobayashi, Shiori Kim, Jeongtae Kosaka, Yoshinori Sunagawa, Masanobu Okabe, Akihito Takayama, Chitoshi Int J Mol Sci Review Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine act as inhibitory neurotransmitters. Three types of inhibitory neurons and terminals, GABAergic, GABA/glycine coreleasing, and glycinergic, are orchestrated in the spinal cord neural circuits and play critical roles in regulating pain, locomotive movement, and respiratory rhythms. In this study, we first describe GABAergic and glycinergic transmission and inhibitory networks, consisting of three types of terminals in the mature mouse spinal cord. Second, we describe the developmental formation of GABAergic and glycinergic networks, with a specific focus on the differentiation of neurons, formation of synapses, maturation of removal systems, and changes in their action. GABAergic and glycinergic neurons are derived from the same domains of the ventricular zone. Initially, GABAergic neurons are differentiated, and their axons form synapses. Some of these neurons remain GABAergic in lamina I and II. Many GABAergic neurons convert to a coreleasing state. The coreleasing neurons and terminals remain in the dorsal horn, whereas many ultimately become glycinergic in the ventral horn. During the development of terminals and the transformation from radial glia to astrocytes, GABA and glycine receptor subunit compositions markedly change, removal systems mature, and GABAergic and glycinergic action shifts from excitatory to inhibitory. MDPI 2022-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8776010/ /pubmed/35055019 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020834 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Shimizu-Okabe, Chigusa Kobayashi, Shiori Kim, Jeongtae Kosaka, Yoshinori Sunagawa, Masanobu Okabe, Akihito Takayama, Chitoshi Developmental Formation of the GABAergic and Glycinergic Networks in the Mouse Spinal Cord |
title | Developmental Formation of the GABAergic and Glycinergic Networks in the Mouse Spinal Cord |
title_full | Developmental Formation of the GABAergic and Glycinergic Networks in the Mouse Spinal Cord |
title_fullStr | Developmental Formation of the GABAergic and Glycinergic Networks in the Mouse Spinal Cord |
title_full_unstemmed | Developmental Formation of the GABAergic and Glycinergic Networks in the Mouse Spinal Cord |
title_short | Developmental Formation of the GABAergic and Glycinergic Networks in the Mouse Spinal Cord |
title_sort | developmental formation of the gabaergic and glycinergic networks in the mouse spinal cord |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8776010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35055019 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020834 |
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