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An Overview of Environmental Risk Factors for Food Allergy

IgE-mediated food allergy is an increasing public health concern in many regions around the world. Although genetics play a role in the development of food allergy, the reported increase has occurred largely within a single generation and therefore it is unlikely that this can be accounted for by ch...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Peters, Rachel L., Mavoa, Suzanne, Koplin, Jennifer J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8776075/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35055544
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020722
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author Peters, Rachel L.
Mavoa, Suzanne
Koplin, Jennifer J.
author_facet Peters, Rachel L.
Mavoa, Suzanne
Koplin, Jennifer J.
author_sort Peters, Rachel L.
collection PubMed
description IgE-mediated food allergy is an increasing public health concern in many regions around the world. Although genetics play a role in the development of food allergy, the reported increase has occurred largely within a single generation and therefore it is unlikely that this can be accounted for by changes in the human genome. Environmental factors must play a key role. While there is strong evidence to support the early introduction of allergenic solids to prevent food allergy, this is unlikely to be sufficient to prevent all food allergy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence on risk factors for food allergy with a focus the outdoor physical environment. We discuss emerging evidence of mechanisms that could explain a role for vitamin D, air pollution, environmental greenness, and pollen exposure in the development of food allergy. We also describe the recent extension of the dual allergen exposure hypothesis to potentially include the respiratory epithelial barrier in addition to the skin. Few existing studies have examined the relationship between these environmental factors with objective measures of IgE-mediated food allergy and further research in this area is needed. Future research also needs to consider the complex interplay between multiple environmental factors.
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spelling pubmed-87760752022-01-21 An Overview of Environmental Risk Factors for Food Allergy Peters, Rachel L. Mavoa, Suzanne Koplin, Jennifer J. Int J Environ Res Public Health Review IgE-mediated food allergy is an increasing public health concern in many regions around the world. Although genetics play a role in the development of food allergy, the reported increase has occurred largely within a single generation and therefore it is unlikely that this can be accounted for by changes in the human genome. Environmental factors must play a key role. While there is strong evidence to support the early introduction of allergenic solids to prevent food allergy, this is unlikely to be sufficient to prevent all food allergy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence on risk factors for food allergy with a focus the outdoor physical environment. We discuss emerging evidence of mechanisms that could explain a role for vitamin D, air pollution, environmental greenness, and pollen exposure in the development of food allergy. We also describe the recent extension of the dual allergen exposure hypothesis to potentially include the respiratory epithelial barrier in addition to the skin. Few existing studies have examined the relationship between these environmental factors with objective measures of IgE-mediated food allergy and further research in this area is needed. Future research also needs to consider the complex interplay between multiple environmental factors. MDPI 2022-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8776075/ /pubmed/35055544 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020722 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Peters, Rachel L.
Mavoa, Suzanne
Koplin, Jennifer J.
An Overview of Environmental Risk Factors for Food Allergy
title An Overview of Environmental Risk Factors for Food Allergy
title_full An Overview of Environmental Risk Factors for Food Allergy
title_fullStr An Overview of Environmental Risk Factors for Food Allergy
title_full_unstemmed An Overview of Environmental Risk Factors for Food Allergy
title_short An Overview of Environmental Risk Factors for Food Allergy
title_sort overview of environmental risk factors for food allergy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8776075/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35055544
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020722
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