Cargando…

The Thorny Issue of African Porcupines: a New Mandible of Hystrix makapanensis from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) and Rediagnosis of the Species

Several porcupine taxa are reported from the middle Miocene to the early Holocene in the Old World. Among these, five species of the subfamily Hystricinae occurred in Africa approximately in the last 6 Ma: the extinct Hystrix makapanensis, Hystrix leakeyi, and Xenohystrix crassidens and the still li...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Azzarà, Beatrice, Cherin, Marco, Adams, Justin, Boschian, Giovanni, Crotti, Marco, Denys, Christiane, Fressoia, Lorenzo, Kimambo, Jackson S., Kwekason, Amandus, Iurino, Dawid A., Manzi, Giorgio, Masao, Fidelis T., Melaku, Sahleselasie, Menconero, Sofia, Mori, Emiliano, Zipfel, Bernhard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8776392/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35079214
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-021-09588-z
_version_ 1784636823139516416
author Azzarà, Beatrice
Cherin, Marco
Adams, Justin
Boschian, Giovanni
Crotti, Marco
Denys, Christiane
Fressoia, Lorenzo
Kimambo, Jackson S.
Kwekason, Amandus
Iurino, Dawid A.
Manzi, Giorgio
Masao, Fidelis T.
Melaku, Sahleselasie
Menconero, Sofia
Mori, Emiliano
Zipfel, Bernhard
author_facet Azzarà, Beatrice
Cherin, Marco
Adams, Justin
Boschian, Giovanni
Crotti, Marco
Denys, Christiane
Fressoia, Lorenzo
Kimambo, Jackson S.
Kwekason, Amandus
Iurino, Dawid A.
Manzi, Giorgio
Masao, Fidelis T.
Melaku, Sahleselasie
Menconero, Sofia
Mori, Emiliano
Zipfel, Bernhard
author_sort Azzarà, Beatrice
collection PubMed
description Several porcupine taxa are reported from the middle Miocene to the early Holocene in the Old World. Among these, five species of the subfamily Hystricinae occurred in Africa approximately in the last 6 Ma: the extinct Hystrix makapanensis, Hystrix leakeyi, and Xenohystrix crassidens and the still living Hystrix africaeaustralis and Hystrix cristata. The large-sized H. makapanensis is reported from numerous sites in East and South Africa between the early Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. In this paper, we describe a new mandible of H. makapanensis from the world-renowned Tanzanian paleontological and archeological site of Olduvai Gorge (HWK West; lowermost Bed II; ca. 1.8–1.7 Ma). The discovery of the new mandible triggered a comprehensive review of the entire African record of H. makapanensis. In particular, we describe or re-analyze the samples from South Africa (Makapansgat Limeworks, Gondolin, Kromdraai, Swartkrans, and Sterkfontein), Tanzania (Olduvai and Laetoli), Ethiopia (Omo Shungura and Hadar), and Kenya (Chemeron), enriching the quantity of specimens confidently referable to this species and above all improving the information on its craniodental anatomy. On this basis, we: (1) propose an emended diagnosis of H. makapanensis; (2) point out the morphological and biometric differences between H. makapanensis and other African Hystricinae (also in terms of body mass); and (3) broaden the knowledge on the geographical and chronological distribution of this extinct species. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10914-021-09588-z.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8776392
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Springer US
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-87763922022-01-21 The Thorny Issue of African Porcupines: a New Mandible of Hystrix makapanensis from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) and Rediagnosis of the Species Azzarà, Beatrice Cherin, Marco Adams, Justin Boschian, Giovanni Crotti, Marco Denys, Christiane Fressoia, Lorenzo Kimambo, Jackson S. Kwekason, Amandus Iurino, Dawid A. Manzi, Giorgio Masao, Fidelis T. Melaku, Sahleselasie Menconero, Sofia Mori, Emiliano Zipfel, Bernhard J Mamm Evol Original Paper Several porcupine taxa are reported from the middle Miocene to the early Holocene in the Old World. Among these, five species of the subfamily Hystricinae occurred in Africa approximately in the last 6 Ma: the extinct Hystrix makapanensis, Hystrix leakeyi, and Xenohystrix crassidens and the still living Hystrix africaeaustralis and Hystrix cristata. The large-sized H. makapanensis is reported from numerous sites in East and South Africa between the early Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. In this paper, we describe a new mandible of H. makapanensis from the world-renowned Tanzanian paleontological and archeological site of Olduvai Gorge (HWK West; lowermost Bed II; ca. 1.8–1.7 Ma). The discovery of the new mandible triggered a comprehensive review of the entire African record of H. makapanensis. In particular, we describe or re-analyze the samples from South Africa (Makapansgat Limeworks, Gondolin, Kromdraai, Swartkrans, and Sterkfontein), Tanzania (Olduvai and Laetoli), Ethiopia (Omo Shungura and Hadar), and Kenya (Chemeron), enriching the quantity of specimens confidently referable to this species and above all improving the information on its craniodental anatomy. On this basis, we: (1) propose an emended diagnosis of H. makapanensis; (2) point out the morphological and biometric differences between H. makapanensis and other African Hystricinae (also in terms of body mass); and (3) broaden the knowledge on the geographical and chronological distribution of this extinct species. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10914-021-09588-z. Springer US 2022-01-21 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8776392/ /pubmed/35079214 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-021-09588-z Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Original Paper
Azzarà, Beatrice
Cherin, Marco
Adams, Justin
Boschian, Giovanni
Crotti, Marco
Denys, Christiane
Fressoia, Lorenzo
Kimambo, Jackson S.
Kwekason, Amandus
Iurino, Dawid A.
Manzi, Giorgio
Masao, Fidelis T.
Melaku, Sahleselasie
Menconero, Sofia
Mori, Emiliano
Zipfel, Bernhard
The Thorny Issue of African Porcupines: a New Mandible of Hystrix makapanensis from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) and Rediagnosis of the Species
title The Thorny Issue of African Porcupines: a New Mandible of Hystrix makapanensis from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) and Rediagnosis of the Species
title_full The Thorny Issue of African Porcupines: a New Mandible of Hystrix makapanensis from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) and Rediagnosis of the Species
title_fullStr The Thorny Issue of African Porcupines: a New Mandible of Hystrix makapanensis from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) and Rediagnosis of the Species
title_full_unstemmed The Thorny Issue of African Porcupines: a New Mandible of Hystrix makapanensis from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) and Rediagnosis of the Species
title_short The Thorny Issue of African Porcupines: a New Mandible of Hystrix makapanensis from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) and Rediagnosis of the Species
title_sort thorny issue of african porcupines: a new mandible of hystrix makapanensis from olduvai gorge (tanzania) and rediagnosis of the species
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8776392/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35079214
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-021-09588-z
work_keys_str_mv AT azzarabeatrice thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT cherinmarco thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT adamsjustin thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT boschiangiovanni thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT crottimarco thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT denyschristiane thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT fressoialorenzo thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT kimambojacksons thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT kwekasonamandus thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT iurinodawida thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT manzigiorgio thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT masaofidelist thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT melakusahleselasie thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT menconerosofia thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT moriemiliano thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT zipfelbernhard thethornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT azzarabeatrice thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT cherinmarco thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT adamsjustin thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT boschiangiovanni thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT crottimarco thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT denyschristiane thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT fressoialorenzo thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT kimambojacksons thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT kwekasonamandus thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT iurinodawida thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT manzigiorgio thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT masaofidelist thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT melakusahleselasie thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT menconerosofia thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT moriemiliano thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies
AT zipfelbernhard thornyissueofafricanporcupinesanewmandibleofhystrixmakapanensisfromolduvaigorgetanzaniaandrediagnosisofthespecies