The Intraventricular Pseudocyst as a Complication of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature

Ventriculoperitoneal shunting is the most common treatment for hydrocephalus. Various complications can occur, including the formation of a pseudocyst. Reviewing the literature, we report a rare case of intraventricular pseudocyst as a complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a child. A seven-month-old child with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt presented with a large intraventricular cyst on computed tomography of the skull. It was decided to remove the ventriculoperitoneal shunt, perform an endoscopic fenestration of the pseudocyst, and place an external ventricular shunt. After 14 days of antibiotic treatment, a new ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed. The child grew up with delayed milestones and epilepsy. Pseudocysts may be a possible complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunting. It is rare for pseudocysts to be located inside the ventricle, as in the present case; the pathophysiology is unclear, and the child can have sequelae after treatment.