Infective Endocarditis Outcomes in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze all the reported cases of definitive infective endocarditis, based on the modified Duke criteria in a tertiary hospital over the past five years, focusing on the causative organism/s, predisposing factors, and outcomes. Methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of infective endocarditis using modified Duke criteria were included. The demographic data, predisposing factors, the causative microorganisms, laboratory and echocardiography results, and treatment were collected. Results: In total, 37 patients were identified, 22 were male, and the median age was 59 years. Native valve endocarditis was found in 29 (78.3%) patients. The most frequently involved valves were the mitral valve in eight (42.1%) and aortic valve in six (31.6%) patients. Fever occurred in 22 patients (59.5%). The most frequent organisms were Staphylococcus aureus in 14 (37.4%) patients, coagulase-negative staphylococci in seven (18.9%) patients, and streptococci in seven (18.9%) patients. The majority (n=27) of the patients (72.97%) were treated medically, with 10 (27.02%) requiring in-hospital surgical intervention. The in-hospital mortality rate was 24.3%. Late presentation, reluctance to undergo surgery, and the past history of rheumatic fever were the contributing factors. Conclusion: Native valve endocarditis is the major type of infective endocarditis. The most frequent organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci. In our study, infective endocarditis was more common among males, surgical intervention was low, and a high in-hospital mortality rate was noted in our series.