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Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors

Irreversible electroporation (IRE), a novel non-thermal ablation technique, is utilized to ablate unresectable solid tumors and demonstrates favorable safety and efficacy in the clinic. IRE applies electric pulses to alter the cell transmembrane voltage and causes nanometer-sized membrane defects or...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Nana, Li, Zhuoqun, Han, Xuan, Zhu, Ziyu, Li, Zhujun, Zhao, Yan, Liu, Zhijun, Lv, Yi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8777104/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35069599
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.811726
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author Zhang, Nana
Li, Zhuoqun
Han, Xuan
Zhu, Ziyu
Li, Zhujun
Zhao, Yan
Liu, Zhijun
Lv, Yi
author_facet Zhang, Nana
Li, Zhuoqun
Han, Xuan
Zhu, Ziyu
Li, Zhujun
Zhao, Yan
Liu, Zhijun
Lv, Yi
author_sort Zhang, Nana
collection PubMed
description Irreversible electroporation (IRE), a novel non-thermal ablation technique, is utilized to ablate unresectable solid tumors and demonstrates favorable safety and efficacy in the clinic. IRE applies electric pulses to alter the cell transmembrane voltage and causes nanometer-sized membrane defects or pores in the cells, which leads to loss of cell homeostasis and ultimately results in cell death. The major drawbacks of IRE are incomplete ablation and susceptibility to recurrence, which limit its clinical application. Recent studies have shown that IRE promotes the massive release of intracellular concealed tumor antigens that become an “in-situ tumor vaccine,” inducing a potential antitumor immune response to kill residual tumor cells after ablation and inhibiting local recurrence and distant metastasis. Therefore, IRE can be regarded as a potential immunomodulatory therapy, and combined with immunotherapy, it can exhibit synergistic treatment effects on malignant tumors, which provides broad application prospects for tumor treatment. This work reviewed the current status of the clinical efficacy of IRE in tumor treatment, summarized the characteristics of local and systemic immune responses induced by IRE in tumor-bearing organisms, and analyzed the specific mechanisms of the IRE-induced immune response. Moreover, we reviewed the current research progress of IRE combined with immunotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors. Based on the findings, we present deficiencies of current preclinical studies of animal models and analyze possible reasons and solutions. We also propose possible demands for clinical research. This review aimed to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the combination of IRE with immunotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumors.
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spelling pubmed-87771042022-01-22 Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors Zhang, Nana Li, Zhuoqun Han, Xuan Zhu, Ziyu Li, Zhujun Zhao, Yan Liu, Zhijun Lv, Yi Front Immunol Immunology Irreversible electroporation (IRE), a novel non-thermal ablation technique, is utilized to ablate unresectable solid tumors and demonstrates favorable safety and efficacy in the clinic. IRE applies electric pulses to alter the cell transmembrane voltage and causes nanometer-sized membrane defects or pores in the cells, which leads to loss of cell homeostasis and ultimately results in cell death. The major drawbacks of IRE are incomplete ablation and susceptibility to recurrence, which limit its clinical application. Recent studies have shown that IRE promotes the massive release of intracellular concealed tumor antigens that become an “in-situ tumor vaccine,” inducing a potential antitumor immune response to kill residual tumor cells after ablation and inhibiting local recurrence and distant metastasis. Therefore, IRE can be regarded as a potential immunomodulatory therapy, and combined with immunotherapy, it can exhibit synergistic treatment effects on malignant tumors, which provides broad application prospects for tumor treatment. This work reviewed the current status of the clinical efficacy of IRE in tumor treatment, summarized the characteristics of local and systemic immune responses induced by IRE in tumor-bearing organisms, and analyzed the specific mechanisms of the IRE-induced immune response. Moreover, we reviewed the current research progress of IRE combined with immunotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors. Based on the findings, we present deficiencies of current preclinical studies of animal models and analyze possible reasons and solutions. We also propose possible demands for clinical research. This review aimed to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the combination of IRE with immunotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumors. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8777104/ /pubmed/35069599 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.811726 Text en Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Li, Han, Zhu, Li, Zhao, Liu and Lv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Zhang, Nana
Li, Zhuoqun
Han, Xuan
Zhu, Ziyu
Li, Zhujun
Zhao, Yan
Liu, Zhijun
Lv, Yi
Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors
title Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors
title_full Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors
title_fullStr Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors
title_full_unstemmed Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors
title_short Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors
title_sort irreversible electroporation: an emerging immunomodulatory therapy on solid tumors
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8777104/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35069599
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.811726
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