Thiolation of Myco-Synthesized Fe(3)O(4)-NPs: A Novel Promising Tool for Penicillium expansium Laccase Immobilization to Decolorize Textile Dyes and as an Application for Anticancer Agent

Environmental pollution due to the continuous uncontrolled discharge of toxic dyes into the water bodies provides insight into the need to eliminate pollutants prior to discharge is significantly needed. Recently, the combination of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and nanoparticles has attracted considerable attention. Herein, the magnetic nanoparticles (Fe(3)O(4)-NPs) were synthesized using metabolites of Aspergillus niger. Further, the surfaces of Fe(3)O(4)-NPs were functionalized using 3-mercaptoproionic acid as confirmed by XRD, TEM, and SEM analyses. A purified P. expansum laccase was immobilized onto Fe(3)O(4)/3-MPA-SH and then the developed immobilized laccase (Fe(3)O(4)/3-MPA-S-S-laccase) was applied to achieve redox-mediated degradation of different dyes. The Fe(3)O(4)/3-MPA-S-S-laccase exhibited notably improved stability toward pH, temperature, organic solvents, and storage periods. The Fe(3)O(4)/3-MPA-S-S-laccase exhibited appropriate operational stability while retaining 84.34% of its initial activity after 10 cycles. The catalytic affinity (K(cat)/K(m)) of the immobilized biocatalyst was increased above 10-fold. The experimental data showed remarkable improvement in the dyes’ decolorization using the immobilized biocatalyst in the presence of a redox mediator in seven successive cycles. Thus, the prepared novel nanocomposite-laccase can be applied as an alternative promising strategy for bioremediation of textile wastewater. The cytotoxic level of carboplatin and Fe(3)O(4)-NPs singly or in combination on various cell lines was concentration-dependent.