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What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili)
Pathogens are exposed to a multitude of harmful conditions imposed by the environment of the host. Bacterial responses against these stresses are pivotal for successful host colonization and pathogenesis. In the case of many E. coli strains, type 1 fimbriae (pili) are an important colonization facto...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8777976/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35056454 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010005 |
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author | Bessaiah, Hicham Anamalé, Carole Sung, Jacqueline Dozois, Charles M. |
author_facet | Bessaiah, Hicham Anamalé, Carole Sung, Jacqueline Dozois, Charles M. |
author_sort | Bessaiah, Hicham |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pathogens are exposed to a multitude of harmful conditions imposed by the environment of the host. Bacterial responses against these stresses are pivotal for successful host colonization and pathogenesis. In the case of many E. coli strains, type 1 fimbriae (pili) are an important colonization factor that can contribute to diseases such as urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis. Production of type 1 fimbriae in E. coli is dependent on an invertible promoter element, fimS, which serves as a phase variation switch determining whether or not a bacterial cell will produce type 1 fimbriae. In this review, we present aspects of signaling and stress involved in mediating regulation of type 1 fimbriae in extraintestinal E. coli; in particular, how certain regulatory mechanisms, some of which are linked to stress response, can influence production of fimbriae and influence bacterial colonization and infection. We suggest that regulation of type 1 fimbriae is potentially linked to environmental stress responses, providing a perspective for how environmental cues in the host and bacterial stress response during infection both play an important role in regulating extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli colonization and virulence. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8777976 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87779762022-01-22 What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili) Bessaiah, Hicham Anamalé, Carole Sung, Jacqueline Dozois, Charles M. Microorganisms Review Pathogens are exposed to a multitude of harmful conditions imposed by the environment of the host. Bacterial responses against these stresses are pivotal for successful host colonization and pathogenesis. In the case of many E. coli strains, type 1 fimbriae (pili) are an important colonization factor that can contribute to diseases such as urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis. Production of type 1 fimbriae in E. coli is dependent on an invertible promoter element, fimS, which serves as a phase variation switch determining whether or not a bacterial cell will produce type 1 fimbriae. In this review, we present aspects of signaling and stress involved in mediating regulation of type 1 fimbriae in extraintestinal E. coli; in particular, how certain regulatory mechanisms, some of which are linked to stress response, can influence production of fimbriae and influence bacterial colonization and infection. We suggest that regulation of type 1 fimbriae is potentially linked to environmental stress responses, providing a perspective for how environmental cues in the host and bacterial stress response during infection both play an important role in regulating extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli colonization and virulence. MDPI 2021-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8777976/ /pubmed/35056454 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010005 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Bessaiah, Hicham Anamalé, Carole Sung, Jacqueline Dozois, Charles M. What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili) |
title | What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili) |
title_full | What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili) |
title_fullStr | What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili) |
title_full_unstemmed | What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili) |
title_short | What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili) |
title_sort | what flips the switch? signals and stress regulating extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli type 1 fimbriae (pili) |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8777976/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35056454 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010005 |
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