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Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder—Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications

The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem essential for the proper functioning of the organism, affecting the health and disease status of the individuals. There is continuous and bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the host, conforming to a unique entity known as “hol...

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Autores principales: Ortega, Miguel A., Alvarez-Mon, Miguel Angel, García-Montero, Cielo, Fraile-Martinez, Oscar, Guijarro, Luis G., Lahera, Guillermo, Monserrat, Jorge, Valls, Paula, Mora, Fernando, Rodríguez-Jiménez, Roberto, Quintero, Javier, Álvarez-Mon, Melchor
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8778125/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35050172
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010050
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author Ortega, Miguel A.
Alvarez-Mon, Miguel Angel
García-Montero, Cielo
Fraile-Martinez, Oscar
Guijarro, Luis G.
Lahera, Guillermo
Monserrat, Jorge
Valls, Paula
Mora, Fernando
Rodríguez-Jiménez, Roberto
Quintero, Javier
Álvarez-Mon, Melchor
author_facet Ortega, Miguel A.
Alvarez-Mon, Miguel Angel
García-Montero, Cielo
Fraile-Martinez, Oscar
Guijarro, Luis G.
Lahera, Guillermo
Monserrat, Jorge
Valls, Paula
Mora, Fernando
Rodríguez-Jiménez, Roberto
Quintero, Javier
Álvarez-Mon, Melchor
author_sort Ortega, Miguel A.
collection PubMed
description The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem essential for the proper functioning of the organism, affecting the health and disease status of the individuals. There is continuous and bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the host, conforming to a unique entity known as “holobiont”. Among these crosstalk mechanisms, the gut microbiota synthesizes a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds or metabolites which exert pleiotropic effects on the human organism. Many of these microbial metabolites can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) or have significant effects on the brain, playing a key role in the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. An altered microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a major characteristic of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Significative differences between gut eubiosis and dysbiosis in mental disorders like MDD with their different metabolite composition and concentrations are being discussed. In the present review, the main microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids -SCFAs-, bile acids, amino acids, tryptophan -trp- derivatives, and more), their signaling pathways and functions will be summarized to explain part of MDD pathophysiology. Conclusions from promising translational approaches related to microbial metabolome will be addressed in more depth to discuss their possible clinical value in the management of MDD patients.
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spelling pubmed-87781252022-01-22 Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder—Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications Ortega, Miguel A. Alvarez-Mon, Miguel Angel García-Montero, Cielo Fraile-Martinez, Oscar Guijarro, Luis G. Lahera, Guillermo Monserrat, Jorge Valls, Paula Mora, Fernando Rodríguez-Jiménez, Roberto Quintero, Javier Álvarez-Mon, Melchor Metabolites Review The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem essential for the proper functioning of the organism, affecting the health and disease status of the individuals. There is continuous and bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the host, conforming to a unique entity known as “holobiont”. Among these crosstalk mechanisms, the gut microbiota synthesizes a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds or metabolites which exert pleiotropic effects on the human organism. Many of these microbial metabolites can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) or have significant effects on the brain, playing a key role in the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. An altered microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a major characteristic of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Significative differences between gut eubiosis and dysbiosis in mental disorders like MDD with their different metabolite composition and concentrations are being discussed. In the present review, the main microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids -SCFAs-, bile acids, amino acids, tryptophan -trp- derivatives, and more), their signaling pathways and functions will be summarized to explain part of MDD pathophysiology. Conclusions from promising translational approaches related to microbial metabolome will be addressed in more depth to discuss their possible clinical value in the management of MDD patients. MDPI 2022-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8778125/ /pubmed/35050172 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010050 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ortega, Miguel A.
Alvarez-Mon, Miguel Angel
García-Montero, Cielo
Fraile-Martinez, Oscar
Guijarro, Luis G.
Lahera, Guillermo
Monserrat, Jorge
Valls, Paula
Mora, Fernando
Rodríguez-Jiménez, Roberto
Quintero, Javier
Álvarez-Mon, Melchor
Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder—Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications
title Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder—Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications
title_full Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder—Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications
title_fullStr Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder—Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications
title_full_unstemmed Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder—Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications
title_short Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder—Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications
title_sort gut microbiota metabolites in major depressive disorder—deep insights into their pathophysiological role and potential translational applications
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8778125/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35050172
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010050
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