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Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract
Foods with medical value have been proven to be beneficial, and they are extensively employed since they integrate two essential elements: food and medication. Accordingly, diabetic patients can benefit from papaya because the fruit is low in sugar and high in antioxidants. An RP-HPLC method was des...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8778412/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35056687 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020375 |
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author | Abdelgawad, Mohamed A. Elmowafy, Mohammed Musa, Arafa Al-Sanea, Mohammad M. Nayl, AbdElAziz A. Ghoneim, Mohammed M. Ahmed, Yasmine M. Hassan, Hossam M. AboulMagd, Asmaa M. Salem, Heba F. Abdelwahab, Nada S. |
author_facet | Abdelgawad, Mohamed A. Elmowafy, Mohammed Musa, Arafa Al-Sanea, Mohammad M. Nayl, AbdElAziz A. Ghoneim, Mohammed M. Ahmed, Yasmine M. Hassan, Hossam M. AboulMagd, Asmaa M. Salem, Heba F. Abdelwahab, Nada S. |
author_sort | Abdelgawad, Mohamed A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Foods with medical value have been proven to be beneficial, and they are extensively employed since they integrate two essential elements: food and medication. Accordingly, diabetic patients can benefit from papaya because the fruit is low in sugar and high in antioxidants. An RP-HPLC method was designed for studying the pharmacokinetics of metformin (MET) when concurrently administered with papaya extract. A mobile phase of 0.5 mM of KH(2)PO(4) solution and methanol (65:35, v/v), pH = 5 ± 0.2 using aqueous phosphoric acid and NaOH, and guaifenesin (GUF) were used as an internal standard. To perform non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis, the Pharmacokinetic program (PK Solver) was used. The method’s greenness was analyzed using two tools: the Analytical GREEnness calculator and the RGB additive color model. Taking papaya with MET improved the rate of absorption substantially (time for reaching maximum concentration (T(max)) significantly decreased by 75% while maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) increased by 7.33%). The extent of absorption reduced by 22.90%. Furthermore, the amount of medication distributed increased (30.83 L for MET concurrently used with papaya extract versus 24.25 L for MET used alone) and the clearance rate rose by roughly 13.50%. The results of the greenness assessment indicated that the method is environmentally friendly. Taking papaya with MET changed the pharmacokinetics of the drug dramatically. Hence, this combination will be particularly effective in maintaining quick blood glucose control. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8778412 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87784122022-01-22 Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract Abdelgawad, Mohamed A. Elmowafy, Mohammed Musa, Arafa Al-Sanea, Mohammad M. Nayl, AbdElAziz A. Ghoneim, Mohammed M. Ahmed, Yasmine M. Hassan, Hossam M. AboulMagd, Asmaa M. Salem, Heba F. Abdelwahab, Nada S. Molecules Article Foods with medical value have been proven to be beneficial, and they are extensively employed since they integrate two essential elements: food and medication. Accordingly, diabetic patients can benefit from papaya because the fruit is low in sugar and high in antioxidants. An RP-HPLC method was designed for studying the pharmacokinetics of metformin (MET) when concurrently administered with papaya extract. A mobile phase of 0.5 mM of KH(2)PO(4) solution and methanol (65:35, v/v), pH = 5 ± 0.2 using aqueous phosphoric acid and NaOH, and guaifenesin (GUF) were used as an internal standard. To perform non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis, the Pharmacokinetic program (PK Solver) was used. The method’s greenness was analyzed using two tools: the Analytical GREEnness calculator and the RGB additive color model. Taking papaya with MET improved the rate of absorption substantially (time for reaching maximum concentration (T(max)) significantly decreased by 75% while maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) increased by 7.33%). The extent of absorption reduced by 22.90%. Furthermore, the amount of medication distributed increased (30.83 L for MET concurrently used with papaya extract versus 24.25 L for MET used alone) and the clearance rate rose by roughly 13.50%. The results of the greenness assessment indicated that the method is environmentally friendly. Taking papaya with MET changed the pharmacokinetics of the drug dramatically. Hence, this combination will be particularly effective in maintaining quick blood glucose control. MDPI 2022-01-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8778412/ /pubmed/35056687 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020375 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Abdelgawad, Mohamed A. Elmowafy, Mohammed Musa, Arafa Al-Sanea, Mohammad M. Nayl, AbdElAziz A. Ghoneim, Mohammed M. Ahmed, Yasmine M. Hassan, Hossam M. AboulMagd, Asmaa M. Salem, Heba F. Abdelwahab, Nada S. Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract |
title | Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract |
title_full | Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract |
title_fullStr | Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract |
title_full_unstemmed | Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract |
title_short | Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract |
title_sort | development and greenness assessment of hplc method for studying the pharmacokinetics of co-administered metformin and papaya extract |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8778412/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35056687 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020375 |
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