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Isolation and Characterization of the First Temperate Virus Infecting Psychrobacillus from Marine Sediments

Viruses are far more abundant than cellular microorganisms in the marine ecosystem. However, very few viruses have so far been isolated from marine sediments, especially hydrothermal vent sediments, hindering the understanding of the biology and ecological functions of these tiny organisms. Here, we...

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Autores principales: Liu, Wang, Zheng, Xiaowei, Dai, Xin, Zhang, Zhenfeng, Zhang, Wenyan, Xiao, Tian, Huang, Li
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8779076/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35062312
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14010108
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author Liu, Wang
Zheng, Xiaowei
Dai, Xin
Zhang, Zhenfeng
Zhang, Wenyan
Xiao, Tian
Huang, Li
author_facet Liu, Wang
Zheng, Xiaowei
Dai, Xin
Zhang, Zhenfeng
Zhang, Wenyan
Xiao, Tian
Huang, Li
author_sort Liu, Wang
collection PubMed
description Viruses are far more abundant than cellular microorganisms in the marine ecosystem. However, very few viruses have so far been isolated from marine sediments, especially hydrothermal vent sediments, hindering the understanding of the biology and ecological functions of these tiny organisms. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a temperate bacteriophage, named PVJ1, which infects Psychrobacillus from a hydrothermal vent field in Okinawa Trough. PVJ1 belongs to the Myoviridae family of the order Caudovirales. The tailed phage possesses a 53,187 bp linear dsDNA genome, with 84 ORFs encoding structural proteins, genome replication, host lysis, etc. in a modular pattern. The phage genome is integrated into the host chromosome near the 3′-end of deoD, a gene encoding purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). The phage integration does not appear to disrupt the function of PNP. The phage DNA is packaged by the headful mechanism. Release of PVJ1 from the host cell was drastically enhanced by treatment with mitomycin C. Phages encoding an MCP sharing significant similarity (≥70% identical amino acids) with that of PVJ1 are widespread in diverse environments, including marine and freshwater sediments, soils, artificial ecosystems, and animal intestines, and primarily infect Firmicutes. These results are valuable to the understanding of the lifestyle and host interactions of bacterial viruses at the bottom of the ocean.
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spelling pubmed-87790762022-01-22 Isolation and Characterization of the First Temperate Virus Infecting Psychrobacillus from Marine Sediments Liu, Wang Zheng, Xiaowei Dai, Xin Zhang, Zhenfeng Zhang, Wenyan Xiao, Tian Huang, Li Viruses Article Viruses are far more abundant than cellular microorganisms in the marine ecosystem. However, very few viruses have so far been isolated from marine sediments, especially hydrothermal vent sediments, hindering the understanding of the biology and ecological functions of these tiny organisms. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a temperate bacteriophage, named PVJ1, which infects Psychrobacillus from a hydrothermal vent field in Okinawa Trough. PVJ1 belongs to the Myoviridae family of the order Caudovirales. The tailed phage possesses a 53,187 bp linear dsDNA genome, with 84 ORFs encoding structural proteins, genome replication, host lysis, etc. in a modular pattern. The phage genome is integrated into the host chromosome near the 3′-end of deoD, a gene encoding purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). The phage integration does not appear to disrupt the function of PNP. The phage DNA is packaged by the headful mechanism. Release of PVJ1 from the host cell was drastically enhanced by treatment with mitomycin C. Phages encoding an MCP sharing significant similarity (≥70% identical amino acids) with that of PVJ1 are widespread in diverse environments, including marine and freshwater sediments, soils, artificial ecosystems, and animal intestines, and primarily infect Firmicutes. These results are valuable to the understanding of the lifestyle and host interactions of bacterial viruses at the bottom of the ocean. MDPI 2022-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8779076/ /pubmed/35062312 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14010108 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Liu, Wang
Zheng, Xiaowei
Dai, Xin
Zhang, Zhenfeng
Zhang, Wenyan
Xiao, Tian
Huang, Li
Isolation and Characterization of the First Temperate Virus Infecting Psychrobacillus from Marine Sediments
title Isolation and Characterization of the First Temperate Virus Infecting Psychrobacillus from Marine Sediments
title_full Isolation and Characterization of the First Temperate Virus Infecting Psychrobacillus from Marine Sediments
title_fullStr Isolation and Characterization of the First Temperate Virus Infecting Psychrobacillus from Marine Sediments
title_full_unstemmed Isolation and Characterization of the First Temperate Virus Infecting Psychrobacillus from Marine Sediments
title_short Isolation and Characterization of the First Temperate Virus Infecting Psychrobacillus from Marine Sediments
title_sort isolation and characterization of the first temperate virus infecting psychrobacillus from marine sediments
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8779076/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35062312
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14010108
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