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How Does Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Respond to Phosphorus Fertilization and Irrigation Water Salinity?

Soil salinity is a major problem in arid and semi-arid regions, causing land degradation, desertification, and subsequently, food insecurity. Salt-affected soils and phosphorus (P) deficiency are the common problems in the sub-Sahara, including the Southern region of Morocco. Soil salinity limits pl...

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Autores principales: Bouras, Hamza, Choukr-Allah, Redouane, Amouaouch, Younes, Bouaziz, Ahmed, Devkota, Krishna Prasad, El Mouttaqi, Ayoub, Bouazzama, Bassou, Hirich, Abdelaziz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8779345/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35050104
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11020216
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author Bouras, Hamza
Choukr-Allah, Redouane
Amouaouch, Younes
Bouaziz, Ahmed
Devkota, Krishna Prasad
El Mouttaqi, Ayoub
Bouazzama, Bassou
Hirich, Abdelaziz
author_facet Bouras, Hamza
Choukr-Allah, Redouane
Amouaouch, Younes
Bouaziz, Ahmed
Devkota, Krishna Prasad
El Mouttaqi, Ayoub
Bouazzama, Bassou
Hirich, Abdelaziz
author_sort Bouras, Hamza
collection PubMed
description Soil salinity is a major problem in arid and semi-arid regions, causing land degradation, desertification, and subsequently, food insecurity. Salt-affected soils and phosphorus (P) deficiency are the common problems in the sub-Sahara, including the Southern region of Morocco. Soil salinity limits plant growth by limiting water availability, causing a nutritional imbalance, and imparting osmotic stress in the plants. The objective of this study was to determine the positive effects of P on growth and productivity and understand the major leaf mineral nutrient content of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cv. “ICBA Q5” irrigated with saline water. A field experiment applying three salinity (Electrical Conductivity, EC) levels of irrigation water (ECw = 5, 12, and 17 dS·m(−1)) and three P fertilizer rates (0, 60, and 70 kg of P(2)O(5) ha(−1)) were evaluated in a split-plot design with three replications. The experiment was conducted in Foum El Oued, South of Morocco on sandy loam soil during the period of March–July 2020. The results showed that irrigation with saline water significantly reduced the final dry biomass, seed yield, harvest index, and crop water productivity of quinoa; however, P application under saline conditions minimized the effect of salinity and improved the yield. The application of 60 and 70 kg of P(2)O(5) ha(−1) increased (p < 0.05) the seed yield by 29 and 51% at low salinity (5 dS·m(−1)), by 16 and 2% at medium salinity (12 dS·m(−1)), and by 13 and 8% at high salinity (17 dS·m(−1)), respectively. The leaf Na(+) and K(+) content and Na(+)/K(+) ratio increased with irrigation water salinity. However, the leaf content of Mg, Ca, Zn, and Fe decreased under high salinity. It was also found that increasing P fertilization improved the essential nutrient content and nutrient uptake. Our finding suggests that P application minimizes the adverse effects of high soil salinity and can be adopted as a coping strategy under saline conditions.
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spelling pubmed-87793452022-01-22 How Does Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Respond to Phosphorus Fertilization and Irrigation Water Salinity? Bouras, Hamza Choukr-Allah, Redouane Amouaouch, Younes Bouaziz, Ahmed Devkota, Krishna Prasad El Mouttaqi, Ayoub Bouazzama, Bassou Hirich, Abdelaziz Plants (Basel) Article Soil salinity is a major problem in arid and semi-arid regions, causing land degradation, desertification, and subsequently, food insecurity. Salt-affected soils and phosphorus (P) deficiency are the common problems in the sub-Sahara, including the Southern region of Morocco. Soil salinity limits plant growth by limiting water availability, causing a nutritional imbalance, and imparting osmotic stress in the plants. The objective of this study was to determine the positive effects of P on growth and productivity and understand the major leaf mineral nutrient content of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cv. “ICBA Q5” irrigated with saline water. A field experiment applying three salinity (Electrical Conductivity, EC) levels of irrigation water (ECw = 5, 12, and 17 dS·m(−1)) and three P fertilizer rates (0, 60, and 70 kg of P(2)O(5) ha(−1)) were evaluated in a split-plot design with three replications. The experiment was conducted in Foum El Oued, South of Morocco on sandy loam soil during the period of March–July 2020. The results showed that irrigation with saline water significantly reduced the final dry biomass, seed yield, harvest index, and crop water productivity of quinoa; however, P application under saline conditions minimized the effect of salinity and improved the yield. The application of 60 and 70 kg of P(2)O(5) ha(−1) increased (p < 0.05) the seed yield by 29 and 51% at low salinity (5 dS·m(−1)), by 16 and 2% at medium salinity (12 dS·m(−1)), and by 13 and 8% at high salinity (17 dS·m(−1)), respectively. The leaf Na(+) and K(+) content and Na(+)/K(+) ratio increased with irrigation water salinity. However, the leaf content of Mg, Ca, Zn, and Fe decreased under high salinity. It was also found that increasing P fertilization improved the essential nutrient content and nutrient uptake. Our finding suggests that P application minimizes the adverse effects of high soil salinity and can be adopted as a coping strategy under saline conditions. MDPI 2022-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8779345/ /pubmed/35050104 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11020216 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bouras, Hamza
Choukr-Allah, Redouane
Amouaouch, Younes
Bouaziz, Ahmed
Devkota, Krishna Prasad
El Mouttaqi, Ayoub
Bouazzama, Bassou
Hirich, Abdelaziz
How Does Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Respond to Phosphorus Fertilization and Irrigation Water Salinity?
title How Does Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Respond to Phosphorus Fertilization and Irrigation Water Salinity?
title_full How Does Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Respond to Phosphorus Fertilization and Irrigation Water Salinity?
title_fullStr How Does Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Respond to Phosphorus Fertilization and Irrigation Water Salinity?
title_full_unstemmed How Does Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Respond to Phosphorus Fertilization and Irrigation Water Salinity?
title_short How Does Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Respond to Phosphorus Fertilization and Irrigation Water Salinity?
title_sort how does quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd.) respond to phosphorus fertilization and irrigation water salinity?
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8779345/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35050104
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11020216
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