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The Carcinogenic Properties of Overlooked yet Prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Lung Epithelial Cells
The WHO classified air pollution as a human lung carcinogen and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are components of both indoor (e.g., tobacco smoke and cookstoves) and outdoor (e.g., wildfires and industrial and vehicle emissions) air pollution, thus a human health concern. However, few studi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8779510/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35051070 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010028 |
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author | Bauer, Alison K. Siegrist, Katelyn J. Wolff, Melanie Nield, Lindsey Brüning, Thomas Upham, Brad L. Käfferlein, Heiko U. Plöttner, Sabine |
author_facet | Bauer, Alison K. Siegrist, Katelyn J. Wolff, Melanie Nield, Lindsey Brüning, Thomas Upham, Brad L. Käfferlein, Heiko U. Plöttner, Sabine |
author_sort | Bauer, Alison K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The WHO classified air pollution as a human lung carcinogen and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are components of both indoor (e.g., tobacco smoke and cookstoves) and outdoor (e.g., wildfires and industrial and vehicle emissions) air pollution, thus a human health concern. However, few studies have evaluated the adverse effects of low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs, the most abundant PAHs in the environment. We hypothesized that LMW PAHs combined with the carcinogenic PAH benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) act as co-carcinogens in human lung epithelial cell lines (BEAS-2B and A549). Therefore, in this paper, we evaluate several endpoints, such as micronuclei, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) activity, cell cycle analysis, anti-BPDE-DNA adduct formation, and cytotoxicity after mixed exposures of LMW PAHs with B[a]P. The individual PAH doses used for each endpoint did not elicit cytotoxicity nor cell death and were relevant to human exposures. The addition of a binary mixture of LMW PAHs (fluoranthene and 1-methylanthracene) to B[a]P treated cells resulted in significant increases in micronuclei formation, dysregulation of GJIC, and changes in cell cycle as compared to cells treated with either B[a]P or the binary mixture alone. In addition, anti-BPDE-DNA adducts were significantly increased in human lung cells treated with B[a]P combined with the binary mixture of LMW PAHs as compared to cells treated with B[a]P alone, further supporting the increased co-carcinogenic potential by LMW PAHs. Collectively, these novel studies using LMW PAHs provide evidence of adverse pulmonary effects that should warrant further investigation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8779510 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87795102022-01-22 The Carcinogenic Properties of Overlooked yet Prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Lung Epithelial Cells Bauer, Alison K. Siegrist, Katelyn J. Wolff, Melanie Nield, Lindsey Brüning, Thomas Upham, Brad L. Käfferlein, Heiko U. Plöttner, Sabine Toxics Article The WHO classified air pollution as a human lung carcinogen and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are components of both indoor (e.g., tobacco smoke and cookstoves) and outdoor (e.g., wildfires and industrial and vehicle emissions) air pollution, thus a human health concern. However, few studies have evaluated the adverse effects of low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs, the most abundant PAHs in the environment. We hypothesized that LMW PAHs combined with the carcinogenic PAH benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) act as co-carcinogens in human lung epithelial cell lines (BEAS-2B and A549). Therefore, in this paper, we evaluate several endpoints, such as micronuclei, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) activity, cell cycle analysis, anti-BPDE-DNA adduct formation, and cytotoxicity after mixed exposures of LMW PAHs with B[a]P. The individual PAH doses used for each endpoint did not elicit cytotoxicity nor cell death and were relevant to human exposures. The addition of a binary mixture of LMW PAHs (fluoranthene and 1-methylanthracene) to B[a]P treated cells resulted in significant increases in micronuclei formation, dysregulation of GJIC, and changes in cell cycle as compared to cells treated with either B[a]P or the binary mixture alone. In addition, anti-BPDE-DNA adducts were significantly increased in human lung cells treated with B[a]P combined with the binary mixture of LMW PAHs as compared to cells treated with B[a]P alone, further supporting the increased co-carcinogenic potential by LMW PAHs. Collectively, these novel studies using LMW PAHs provide evidence of adverse pulmonary effects that should warrant further investigation. MDPI 2022-01-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8779510/ /pubmed/35051070 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010028 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Bauer, Alison K. Siegrist, Katelyn J. Wolff, Melanie Nield, Lindsey Brüning, Thomas Upham, Brad L. Käfferlein, Heiko U. Plöttner, Sabine The Carcinogenic Properties of Overlooked yet Prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Lung Epithelial Cells |
title | The Carcinogenic Properties of Overlooked yet Prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Lung Epithelial Cells |
title_full | The Carcinogenic Properties of Overlooked yet Prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Lung Epithelial Cells |
title_fullStr | The Carcinogenic Properties of Overlooked yet Prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Lung Epithelial Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | The Carcinogenic Properties of Overlooked yet Prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Lung Epithelial Cells |
title_short | The Carcinogenic Properties of Overlooked yet Prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Lung Epithelial Cells |
title_sort | carcinogenic properties of overlooked yet prevalent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human lung epithelial cells |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8779510/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35051070 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010028 |
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