Association between Milk Intake and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese Adults: A Prospective Study

Background: Little is known about the effect of milk intake on all-cause mortality among Chinese adults. The present study aimed to explore the association between milk intake and all-cause mortality in the Chinese population. Methods: Data from 1997 to 2015 of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were used. A total of 14,738 participants enrolled in the study. Dietary data were obtained by three day 24-h dietary recall. All-cause mortality was assessed according to information reported. The association between milk intake and all-cause mortality were explored using Cox regression and further stratified with different levels of dietary diversity score (DDS) and energy intake. Results: 11,975 (81.25%) did not consume milk, 1341 (9.10%) and 1422 (9.65%) consumed 0.1–2 portions/week and >2 portions/week, respectively. Milk consumption of 0.1–2 portions/week was related to the decreased all-cause mortality (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.41–0.85). In stratified analysis, consuming 0.1–2 portions/week was associated with decreased all-cause mortality among people with high DDS and energy intake. Conclusions: Milk intake is low among Chinese adults. Consuming 0.1–2 portions of milk/week might be associated with the reduced risk of death among Chinese adults by advocating health education. Further research is required to investigate the relationships between specific dairy products and cause-specific mortality.