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FDA-Approved Oximes and Their Significance in Medicinal Chemistry
Despite the scientific advancements, organophosphate (OP) poisoning continues to be a major threat to humans, accounting for nearly one million poisoning cases every year leading to at least 20,000 deaths worldwide. Oximes represent the most important class in medicinal chemistry, renowned for their...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8779982/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35056123 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15010066 |
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author | Dhuguru, Jyothi Zviagin, Eugene Skouta, Rachid |
author_facet | Dhuguru, Jyothi Zviagin, Eugene Skouta, Rachid |
author_sort | Dhuguru, Jyothi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite the scientific advancements, organophosphate (OP) poisoning continues to be a major threat to humans, accounting for nearly one million poisoning cases every year leading to at least 20,000 deaths worldwide. Oximes represent the most important class in medicinal chemistry, renowned for their widespread applications as OP antidotes, drugs and intermediates for the synthesis of several pharmacological derivatives. Common oxime based reactivators or nerve antidotes include pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6, trimedoxime and methoxime, among which pralidoxime is the only FDA-approved drug. Cephalosporins are β-lactam based antibiotics and serve as widely acclaimed tools in fighting bacterial infections. Oxime based cephalosporins have emerged as an important class of drugs with improved efficacy and a broad spectrum of anti-microbial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Among the several oxime based derivatives, cefuroxime, ceftizoxime, cefpodoxime and cefmenoxime are the FDA approved oxime-based antibiotics. Given the pharmacological significance of oximes, in the present paper, we put together all the FDA-approved oximes and discuss their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and synthesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8779982 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87799822022-01-22 FDA-Approved Oximes and Their Significance in Medicinal Chemistry Dhuguru, Jyothi Zviagin, Eugene Skouta, Rachid Pharmaceuticals (Basel) Review Despite the scientific advancements, organophosphate (OP) poisoning continues to be a major threat to humans, accounting for nearly one million poisoning cases every year leading to at least 20,000 deaths worldwide. Oximes represent the most important class in medicinal chemistry, renowned for their widespread applications as OP antidotes, drugs and intermediates for the synthesis of several pharmacological derivatives. Common oxime based reactivators or nerve antidotes include pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6, trimedoxime and methoxime, among which pralidoxime is the only FDA-approved drug. Cephalosporins are β-lactam based antibiotics and serve as widely acclaimed tools in fighting bacterial infections. Oxime based cephalosporins have emerged as an important class of drugs with improved efficacy and a broad spectrum of anti-microbial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Among the several oxime based derivatives, cefuroxime, ceftizoxime, cefpodoxime and cefmenoxime are the FDA approved oxime-based antibiotics. Given the pharmacological significance of oximes, in the present paper, we put together all the FDA-approved oximes and discuss their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and synthesis. MDPI 2022-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8779982/ /pubmed/35056123 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15010066 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Dhuguru, Jyothi Zviagin, Eugene Skouta, Rachid FDA-Approved Oximes and Their Significance in Medicinal Chemistry |
title | FDA-Approved Oximes and Their Significance in Medicinal Chemistry |
title_full | FDA-Approved Oximes and Their Significance in Medicinal Chemistry |
title_fullStr | FDA-Approved Oximes and Their Significance in Medicinal Chemistry |
title_full_unstemmed | FDA-Approved Oximes and Their Significance in Medicinal Chemistry |
title_short | FDA-Approved Oximes and Their Significance in Medicinal Chemistry |
title_sort | fda-approved oximes and their significance in medicinal chemistry |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8779982/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35056123 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15010066 |
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