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Development and Validation of Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Questionnaire among Indian Adults

Background and objectives: The Indian population faces numerous challenges to attain better oral hygiene due to a lack of oral health literacy. For the past 10 years, the prevalence of dental-related conditions in India has become a considerable problem in every state of India. A health-education-ba...

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Autores principales: Selvaraj, Siddharthan, Naing, Nyi Nyi, Wan-Arfah, Nadiah, Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali, Marya, Anand, Prasadh, Somasundaram
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8780344/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35056376
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010068
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author Selvaraj, Siddharthan
Naing, Nyi Nyi
Wan-Arfah, Nadiah
Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali
Marya, Anand
Prasadh, Somasundaram
author_facet Selvaraj, Siddharthan
Naing, Nyi Nyi
Wan-Arfah, Nadiah
Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali
Marya, Anand
Prasadh, Somasundaram
author_sort Selvaraj, Siddharthan
collection PubMed
description Background and objectives: The Indian population faces numerous challenges to attain better oral hygiene due to a lack of oral health literacy. For the past 10 years, the prevalence of dental-related conditions in India has become a considerable problem in every state of India. A health-education-based oral health promotion strategy will be an ideal choice for the Indian population instead of endorsing conventional oral health promotion. The use of unsuitable tools to measure may lead to misleading and vague findings that might result in a flawed plan for cessation programs and deceitful effectiveness. Therefore, the research aimed to develop and validate an instrument that can assess the oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior (KAB) of adults in India. Materials and Methods: This study was carried among adults in India, who live in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. A questionnaire was fabricated and then validated using content, face, as well as construct. The knowledge domain was validated using item response theory analysis (IRT), whereas exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to validate the behavior domain and attitude. Results: Four principal sections, i.e., knowledge, attitude, demography and behavior, were used to fabricate a questionnaire following validation. Following analysis of item response theory on the knowledge domain, all analyzed items in the domain were within the ideal range of difficulty and discrimination. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.65 for the attitude and 0.66 for the behavior domain. A Bartlett’s test of sphericity was conducted and demonstrated that outcomes for both domains were highly significant (p < 0.001). The factor analysis resulted in three factors with a total of eight items in the attitude domain and three factors with a total of seven items in the behavior domain depicting satisfactory factor loading (>0.3). Across the three factors, i.e., knowledge, attitude and behavior, internal consistency reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha, and the values obtained were 0.67, 0.87, 0.67, and 0.88, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this study that assessed validity and reliability showed that the developed questionnaire had an acceptable psychometric property for measuring oral health KAB among adults in India.
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spelling pubmed-87803442022-01-22 Development and Validation of Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Questionnaire among Indian Adults Selvaraj, Siddharthan Naing, Nyi Nyi Wan-Arfah, Nadiah Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali Marya, Anand Prasadh, Somasundaram Medicina (Kaunas) Article Background and objectives: The Indian population faces numerous challenges to attain better oral hygiene due to a lack of oral health literacy. For the past 10 years, the prevalence of dental-related conditions in India has become a considerable problem in every state of India. A health-education-based oral health promotion strategy will be an ideal choice for the Indian population instead of endorsing conventional oral health promotion. The use of unsuitable tools to measure may lead to misleading and vague findings that might result in a flawed plan for cessation programs and deceitful effectiveness. Therefore, the research aimed to develop and validate an instrument that can assess the oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior (KAB) of adults in India. Materials and Methods: This study was carried among adults in India, who live in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. A questionnaire was fabricated and then validated using content, face, as well as construct. The knowledge domain was validated using item response theory analysis (IRT), whereas exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to validate the behavior domain and attitude. Results: Four principal sections, i.e., knowledge, attitude, demography and behavior, were used to fabricate a questionnaire following validation. Following analysis of item response theory on the knowledge domain, all analyzed items in the domain were within the ideal range of difficulty and discrimination. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.65 for the attitude and 0.66 for the behavior domain. A Bartlett’s test of sphericity was conducted and demonstrated that outcomes for both domains were highly significant (p < 0.001). The factor analysis resulted in three factors with a total of eight items in the attitude domain and three factors with a total of seven items in the behavior domain depicting satisfactory factor loading (>0.3). Across the three factors, i.e., knowledge, attitude and behavior, internal consistency reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha, and the values obtained were 0.67, 0.87, 0.67, and 0.88, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this study that assessed validity and reliability showed that the developed questionnaire had an acceptable psychometric property for measuring oral health KAB among adults in India. MDPI 2022-01-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8780344/ /pubmed/35056376 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010068 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Selvaraj, Siddharthan
Naing, Nyi Nyi
Wan-Arfah, Nadiah
Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali
Marya, Anand
Prasadh, Somasundaram
Development and Validation of Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Questionnaire among Indian Adults
title Development and Validation of Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Questionnaire among Indian Adults
title_full Development and Validation of Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Questionnaire among Indian Adults
title_fullStr Development and Validation of Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Questionnaire among Indian Adults
title_full_unstemmed Development and Validation of Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Questionnaire among Indian Adults
title_short Development and Validation of Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Questionnaire among Indian Adults
title_sort development and validation of oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior questionnaire among indian adults
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8780344/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35056376
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010068
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