Current Status of the Use of Multifunctional Enzymes as Anti-Cancer Drug Targets

Fighting cancer is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. Among recently proposed treatments, molecular-targeted therapies are attracting particular attention. The potential targets of such therapies include a group of enzymes that possess the capability to catalyze at least two different reactions, so-called multifunctional enzymes. The features of such enzymes can be used to good advantage in the development of potent selective inhibitors. This review discusses the potential of multifunctional enzymes as anti-cancer drug targets along with the current status of research into four enzymes which by their inhibition have already demonstrated promising anti-cancer effects in vivo, in vitro, or both. These are PFK-2/FBPase-2 (involved in glucose homeostasis), ATIC (involved in purine biosynthesis), LTA(4)H (involved in the inflammation process) and Jmjd6 (involved in histone and non-histone posttranslational modifications). Currently, only LTA(4)H and PFK-2/FBPase-2 have inhibitors in active clinical development. However, there are several studies proposing potential inhibitors targeting these four enzymes that, when used alone or in association with other drugs, may provide new alternatives for preventing cancer cell growth and proliferation and increasing the life expectancy of patients.