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Heavy Metal Assessments of Soil Samples from a High Natural Background Radiation Area, Indonesia

Mamuju, Indonesia, is an area with high natural background radiation. This study assesses heavy metal content in soil samples from this area to determine the level of public and environmental hazard it presents. This study analyzes natural radionuclide elements using high purity germanium (HPGe) gam...

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Autores principales: Nugraha, Eka Djatnika, Mellawati, June, Wahyudi, Kranrod, Chutima, Makhsun, Tazoe, Hirofumi, Ahmad, Haeranah, Hosoda, Masahiro, Akata, Naofumi, Tokonami, Shinji
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8780677/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35051081
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010039
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author Nugraha, Eka Djatnika
Mellawati, June
Wahyudi,
Kranrod, Chutima
Makhsun,
Tazoe, Hirofumi
Ahmad, Haeranah
Hosoda, Masahiro
Akata, Naofumi
Tokonami, Shinji
author_facet Nugraha, Eka Djatnika
Mellawati, June
Wahyudi,
Kranrod, Chutima
Makhsun,
Tazoe, Hirofumi
Ahmad, Haeranah
Hosoda, Masahiro
Akata, Naofumi
Tokonami, Shinji
author_sort Nugraha, Eka Djatnika
collection PubMed
description Mamuju, Indonesia, is an area with high natural background radiation. This study assesses heavy metal content in soil samples from this area to determine the level of public and environmental hazard it presents. This study analyzes natural radionuclide elements using high purity germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometry and performs heavy metals analysis using a flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Moreover, pollution indices and descriptive analyses were used to assess heavy metal contamination in the environment and the correlation between heavy metals and radionuclides. The results demonstrate that soil samples in several areas of Mamuju contain a high concentration of the natural radionuclides (226)Ra and (232)Th, and that heavy metal concentrations in the soil decrease in the sequence Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd. This study revealed that soil samples from Mamuju are moderately contaminated. There was a strong positive relationship between (226)Ra, (232)Th, ambient dose equivalent rate, and Pb. Ecological risk index (RI) and cumulative pollution index (IPI) values in Mamuju are 2.05 and 125, respectively, which are possible hazards to human health as a result. Pb concentration in the Mamuju soil samples ranged from 109 to 744 mg kg(−1), exceeding the worldwide average of 27 mg kg(−1).
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spelling pubmed-87806772022-01-22 Heavy Metal Assessments of Soil Samples from a High Natural Background Radiation Area, Indonesia Nugraha, Eka Djatnika Mellawati, June Wahyudi, Kranrod, Chutima Makhsun, Tazoe, Hirofumi Ahmad, Haeranah Hosoda, Masahiro Akata, Naofumi Tokonami, Shinji Toxics Article Mamuju, Indonesia, is an area with high natural background radiation. This study assesses heavy metal content in soil samples from this area to determine the level of public and environmental hazard it presents. This study analyzes natural radionuclide elements using high purity germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometry and performs heavy metals analysis using a flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Moreover, pollution indices and descriptive analyses were used to assess heavy metal contamination in the environment and the correlation between heavy metals and radionuclides. The results demonstrate that soil samples in several areas of Mamuju contain a high concentration of the natural radionuclides (226)Ra and (232)Th, and that heavy metal concentrations in the soil decrease in the sequence Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd. This study revealed that soil samples from Mamuju are moderately contaminated. There was a strong positive relationship between (226)Ra, (232)Th, ambient dose equivalent rate, and Pb. Ecological risk index (RI) and cumulative pollution index (IPI) values in Mamuju are 2.05 and 125, respectively, which are possible hazards to human health as a result. Pb concentration in the Mamuju soil samples ranged from 109 to 744 mg kg(−1), exceeding the worldwide average of 27 mg kg(−1). MDPI 2022-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8780677/ /pubmed/35051081 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010039 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Nugraha, Eka Djatnika
Mellawati, June
Wahyudi,
Kranrod, Chutima
Makhsun,
Tazoe, Hirofumi
Ahmad, Haeranah
Hosoda, Masahiro
Akata, Naofumi
Tokonami, Shinji
Heavy Metal Assessments of Soil Samples from a High Natural Background Radiation Area, Indonesia
title Heavy Metal Assessments of Soil Samples from a High Natural Background Radiation Area, Indonesia
title_full Heavy Metal Assessments of Soil Samples from a High Natural Background Radiation Area, Indonesia
title_fullStr Heavy Metal Assessments of Soil Samples from a High Natural Background Radiation Area, Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed Heavy Metal Assessments of Soil Samples from a High Natural Background Radiation Area, Indonesia
title_short Heavy Metal Assessments of Soil Samples from a High Natural Background Radiation Area, Indonesia
title_sort heavy metal assessments of soil samples from a high natural background radiation area, indonesia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8780677/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35051081
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010039
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