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Major Surface Antigens in Zoonotic Babesia

Human babesiosis results from a combination of tick tropism for humans, susceptibility of a host to sustain Babesia development, and contact with infected ticks. Climate modifications and increasing diagnostics have led to an expanded number of Babesia species responsible for human babesiosis, altho...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Delbecq, Stephane
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8780968/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35056047
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010099
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author Delbecq, Stephane
author_facet Delbecq, Stephane
author_sort Delbecq, Stephane
collection PubMed
description Human babesiosis results from a combination of tick tropism for humans, susceptibility of a host to sustain Babesia development, and contact with infected ticks. Climate modifications and increasing diagnostics have led to an expanded number of Babesia species responsible for human babesiosis, although, to date, most cases have been attributed to B. microti and B. divergens. These two species have been extensively studied, and in this review, we mostly focus on the antigens involved in host–parasite interactions. We present features of the major antigens, so-called Bd37 in B. divergens and BmSA1/GPI12 in B. microti, and highlight the roles of these antigens in both host cell invasion and immune response. A comparison of these antigens with the major antigens found in some other Apicomplexa species emphasizes the importance of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in host–parasite relationships. GPI-anchor cleavage, which is a property of such antigens, leads to soluble and membrane-bound forms of these proteins, with potentially differential recognition by the host immune system. This mechanism is discussed as the structural basis for the protein-embedded immune escape mechanism. In conclusion, the potential consequences of such a mechanism on the management of both human and animal babesiosis is examined.
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spelling pubmed-87809682022-01-22 Major Surface Antigens in Zoonotic Babesia Delbecq, Stephane Pathogens Review Human babesiosis results from a combination of tick tropism for humans, susceptibility of a host to sustain Babesia development, and contact with infected ticks. Climate modifications and increasing diagnostics have led to an expanded number of Babesia species responsible for human babesiosis, although, to date, most cases have been attributed to B. microti and B. divergens. These two species have been extensively studied, and in this review, we mostly focus on the antigens involved in host–parasite interactions. We present features of the major antigens, so-called Bd37 in B. divergens and BmSA1/GPI12 in B. microti, and highlight the roles of these antigens in both host cell invasion and immune response. A comparison of these antigens with the major antigens found in some other Apicomplexa species emphasizes the importance of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in host–parasite relationships. GPI-anchor cleavage, which is a property of such antigens, leads to soluble and membrane-bound forms of these proteins, with potentially differential recognition by the host immune system. This mechanism is discussed as the structural basis for the protein-embedded immune escape mechanism. In conclusion, the potential consequences of such a mechanism on the management of both human and animal babesiosis is examined. MDPI 2022-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8780968/ /pubmed/35056047 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010099 Text en © 2022 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Delbecq, Stephane
Major Surface Antigens in Zoonotic Babesia
title Major Surface Antigens in Zoonotic Babesia
title_full Major Surface Antigens in Zoonotic Babesia
title_fullStr Major Surface Antigens in Zoonotic Babesia
title_full_unstemmed Major Surface Antigens in Zoonotic Babesia
title_short Major Surface Antigens in Zoonotic Babesia
title_sort major surface antigens in zoonotic babesia
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8780968/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35056047
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010099
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