A Modified Sequential Deposition Route for High-Performance Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells under Atmosphere Condition

Carbon-based hole transport material (HTM)-free perovskite solar cells have exhibited a promising commercialization prospect, attributed to their outstanding stability and low manufacturing cost. However, the serious charge recombination at the interface of the carbon counter electrode and titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) suppresses the improvement in the carbon-based perovskite solar cells’ performance. Here, we propose a modified sequential deposition process in air, which introduces a mixed solvent to improve the morphology of lead iodide (PbI(2)) film. Combined with ethanol treatment, the preferred crystallization orientation of the PbI(2) film is generated. This new deposition strategy can prepare a thick and compact methylammonium lead halide (MAPbI(3)) film under high-humidity conditions, which acts as a natural active layer that separates the carbon counter electrode and TiO(2). Meanwhile, the modified sequential deposition method provides a simple way to facilitate the conversion of the ultrathick PbI(2) capping layer to MAPbI(3), as the light absorption layer. By adjusting the thickness of the MAPbI(3) capping layer, we achieved a power conversation efficiency (PCE) of 12.5% for the carbon-based perovskite solar cells.